Skip to main content

The Vocational Preparation of the Chronic Psychiatric Patient in the Community

  • Chapter
The Chronic Psychiatric Patient in the Community

Abstract

The psychiatric ally disabled person’s ability to assume the worker role in the community is viewed as a legitimate treatment goal for many persons with a psychiatric disability. Unfortunately, a review of outcome studies indicates that traditional methods of psychiatric treatment are not successful in providing the psychiatrically disabled client with the skills necessary to function on the job or in the community. This chapter discusses those assessment techniques and programming strategies which appear potentially effective in developing the client’s vocational behaviors and skills necessary to function more successfully in various work environments. The chapter initially provides an overview of a comprehensive skills-based approach to psychiatric rehabilitation so that the vocational rehabilitation process can be understood within the context of the total psychiatric rehabilitation process. The chapter then focuses on the vocational assessment process and the various diagnostic assessment tools used in vocational rehabilitation. The following section discusses the most common vocational intervention programs. A separate section reviews some sample programs which illustrate how various assessment tools and training strategies have been utilized in the vocational preparation of the psychiatrically disabled client. The final section suggests some future directions for the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, J. A. The disadvantaged seeks work—through their efforts or ours? Rehabilitation Record 9: 5–10 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A. Psychological rehabilitation: A concept in need of a method. American Psychologist 32: 658–662, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A. The principles of psychiatric rehabilitation. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A. and Carkhuff, R. R. The functional professional therapeutic agent, in Effective Psychotherapy: A Handbook of Research, Gurman and Razin, eds. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A., Buell, G. J. Sharratt, S., and Altoff, M. E. The efficacy of psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychological Bulletin 78: 447–456, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A., Cohen, M. R. and Vitalo, R. The measurement of rehabilitation outcome. Schizophrenia Bulletin 4: 365–383 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A. and Margules, A. Toward improving the efficacy of psychiatric rehabilitation: A skills training approach. Rehabilitation Psychology 21: 101–105 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A., Pierce, R. M., and Cohen, M. R. The skills of diagnostic planning. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practice Series: Book 1. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1980(a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A., Pierce, R. M., and Cohen, M. R. The skills of rehabilitation programming. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practice Series: Book 2. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1980(b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachrach, L. Deinstitutionalization: An analytical review and sociological perspective, DHEW Publication No. (ADM) 76-351, Supt. of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bean, B. R., and Beard, J. H. Placement for persons with psychiatric disability. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin: 253–258 (June 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, J. H., Schmidt, J. R., and Smith, M. M. The use of transitional employment with rehabilitation of the psychiatric patient. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 136: 507–514 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, P., and Bayer, C. Preparing chronic patients for community placement: A four-stage treatment program. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 26: 448–450 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berk, R., and Rossi, P. Doing good or worse: Evaluation research politically reexamined. Social Problems 23: 337–349 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, B. J. Principles of industrial therapy for the mentally ill. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bockoven, J. S. Moral Treatment in American Psychiatry. Springer Publishing Co., 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botterbusch, K. F. A Guide to Job Site Evaluation. Menomonie, Wisconsin: Materials Development Center, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickey, M. Normalization and behavior modification in the sheltered workshop. Journal of Rehabilitation 40: 44–46 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. S. Responsible community care of former mental hospital patients. New Dimensions in Mental Health. NIMH, Rockville, MD. (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bubeck, T. They come to work. Social and Rehabilitation Record 8: 18–22 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, G. Program Model for Projects with Industry. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Jewish Vocational Service, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carkhuff, R. R. Helping and Human Relations. Vol. 1 and 2. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carkhuff, R. R. The Development of Human Resources. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carkhuff, R. R. The Art of Helping. Amherst, MA: Human Resource Development Press, 1972 (Third Edition, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carkhuff, R. R., and Berenson, B. G. Beyond Counseling and Therapy. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeSimone, A. Industries commitment to VR. Social and Rehabilitation Record, 1: 23–27 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, D. J. Situational Assessment: Models for the Future. Menomonie, Wisconsin: Research and Training Center, No. 22, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Early, D. F. Sheltered groups in open industry: A new approach to training and to employment. Lancet: 1370–1373 (June 21, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairweather, G., Sanders, D., Maynard, H., Cressler, D., and Bleck, D. Community Life for the Mentally Ill. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, P. R. Work evaluation and adjustment: The relationship. Journal of Rehabilitation 37: 19–22 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, M. K., and Trick, O. L. Successful psychiatric rehabilitation using an in-patient teaching laboratory. American Journal of Psychiatry 131: 145–148 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keil, E. C, and Barbee, J. R. Behavior modification and training the disadvantaged job interviewee. Vocational Guidance Quarterly: 50–56 (September 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, R. D., Engelkes, J. R., and Winborn, B. B. Employment — seeking preparation and activity: An experimental job-placement training model for rehabilitation clients. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin: 159–165 (December 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, S. A. Effectiveness of community services for discharged mental hospital patients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 46: 646–659 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, H. R. Rehabilitation in Community Mental Health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M., and Levine, A. A Social History of Helping Services: Clinic, Court, School and Community. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannino, F. V., Ott, S., and Shore, M. F. Community residential facilities for former mental patients: An annotated bibliography. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 1: 1–43 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, D. P. Placement through improvement of client’s job seeking skills. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 3: 188–196 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Menninger Foundation. Jobs for the handicapped. Menninger Perspective: 22–23 (Fall 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadolsky, J. M. The experiential component of vocational evaluation. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Bulletin 9: 3–7 (1976a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadolsky, J. M. The counseling function in vocational evaluation. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Bulletin, 9: 39–45 (1976b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, W. Problems of work evaluation. Personnel and Guidance Journal 44: 682–688 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neff, W. Work and Human Behavior. New York: Atherton Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, N. Workshops for the Handicapped in the U.S.: An Historical and Developmental Perspective. New York: C. C. Thomas, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olshansky, S. Changing vocational behavior through normalization, in Normalization: The Principles of Normalization in Human Services, W. Wolfensburger, ed. Toronto, Canada: National Institute on Mental Retardation, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, R. M., Anthony, W. A., and Cohen, M. The Skills of Career Counseling. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practices: Book 4. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, R. M., Cohen, M. R., Cohen, B., and Anthony, W. A. The Skills of Career Placement. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practices: Book 5. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prazak, J. A. Learning job seeking interview skills, in Behavioral Counseling, Krumboltz and Thoreson, eds. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969, pp. 414–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt, W. A. Vocational (Work) Evaluation. Menomonie, Wisconsin: Walt Pruitt Associates, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumo, B., Sehl, R., and Cogan, F. Job readiness: Key to placement. Journal of Rehabilitation 32: 18–19 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Retchless, M. H. Rehabilitation programs for chronic patients: Stepping stones to the community. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 18: 377–378, (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riscalla, L. Could workshops become obsolete? Journal of Rehabilitation, 40: 17–18 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, D., and Brandon, T. In pursuit of work adjustment. Journal of Rehabilitation 34: 6–8 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Safieri, D. Using an educational model in a sheltered workshop program. Mental Hygiene 54: 140–143 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankovsky, R. State of the Art in Vocational Evaluation: Report of a National Survey. Pittsburgh, PA: Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation (Rt-14), 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scoles, P., and Fine, E. Aftercare and rehabilitation in a community mental health center. Social Work 16: 75–82 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sink, J. M., and Porter, T. L. Convergence and divergence in rehabilitation counseling and vocational evaluation. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Bulletin 11: 5–20 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Task Force No. 2, The tools of vocational evaluation. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Bulletin 8: Part I, Special Edition, 49–64 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J., and Ten Hoor, W. The NIMH Community Support Program: Pilot approach to a needed social reform. Schizophrenia Bulletin 4: 319–344 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vash, C. L. Sheltered Industrial Employment. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Research Utilization, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R. Social restoration of hospitalized psychiatric patients through a program of special employment in industry. Rehabilitation Literature 30: 297–303 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinman, B., Sander, R., Kleiner, R., and Wilson, S. Community based treatment of the chronic psychotic. Community Mental Health Journal 6: 12–21 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Spectrum Publications, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hursh, N.C., Anthony, W.A. (1983). The Vocational Preparation of the Chronic Psychiatric Patient in the Community. In: Barofsky, I., Budson, R.D. (eds) The Chronic Psychiatric Patient in the Community. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6308-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6308-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6310-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6308-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics