Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relationship Between Serum Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity, Catecholamine Metabolism, and Hemodynamic Changes During Paroxysmal Hypertension in Quadriplegia

  • Chapter
Spinal Cord Injury

  • 117 Accesses

Abstract

During the chronic phase of spinal cord injury, serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity, arterial blood pressure, and blood flow in the fourth finger, the ballux, and the calf were measured in nine quadriplegic subjects before, during, and after expansion of the urinary bladder. In addition, in five chronic quadriplegic subjects, serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity, urinary catecholamine metabolites, and arterial blood pressure were measured before and during spontaneous hypertensive episodes. There was a significant correlation between the different stages of hypertension, the serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity, and the concentration of urinary catecholamine metabolites. The highest levels were found at the height of intracystic pressure when the arterial blood pressure was at its maximum but the pulse rate had dropped to its lowest level. At the same time the blood flow in the upper and lower extremities and the calf musculature was below detection limits, and peripheral vascular resistance was markedly enhanced. Serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase and arterial blood pressure levels correlated directly with urinary concentrations of normetanephrine but not with those of metanephrine. The data provide evidence for an in vivo simultaneous, proportional release of dopamine-β-hydroxylase and norepinephrine, suggesting release by exocytosis. The data further show that dopamine can also be released together with norepinephrine and dopamine-β-hydroxylase as evidenced by increased urinary concentrations of its major catabolite, homovanillic acid, during hypertensive stress. The hypertensive response in quadriplegic subjects during routine test of bladder function renders these subjects ideal models for self-controlled studies of neurogenic hypertension and its biochemical parameters. The results indicate that hypertension in quadriplegia, whether spontaneous or induced, is caused by increased release of norepinephrine and that the half-life of dopamine-β-hydroxylase released during stress is shorter than that previously reported.

This paper is reprinted by permission of the American Heart Association from Circulation Research 35: 850–861, Dec. 1974.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anden, N.E., Haggendal, E., Magnusson, T., and Rosengren, E. Time course of the disappearance of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine in spinal cord after transection. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 62: 115–118 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, M.D., Shaw, K.N.F., and Wall, P.E. The phenolic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 218: 293–303 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coyle, J. T., and Axelrod, J. Dopamine-3-hydroxylase in the rat brain: Developmental characteristics. J. Neurochem. 19: 449–459 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlstrom, A., and Fuxe, K. Evidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system: II. Experimentally induced changes in the intraneuronal amine levels of bulbospinal neuron systems. Acta. Physiol. Scan. (Suppl.) 64: 1–85 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Champlain, J., Karkoff, L., and Axelrod, J. Interrelationships of sodium intake, hypertension, and norepinephrine storage in the rat. Circ. Res. 24: (suppl I): 75–92 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeQuattro, V., and Chan, S. Raised plasma catecholamines in some patients with primary hypertension. Lancet 1: 806–809 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engelman, K., Portnoy, B., and Sjoerdsma, A. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in patients with hypertension. Circ. Res. 27 (suppl I): 141–146 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, L.S., Ohuchi, T., Goldstein, M., Axelrod, F., Fish, I., and Dancis, J. Changes in human serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity with age. Nature (Lond.) 230: 310–311 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gamier, V.B., and Gertsch, R. Autonome Hyperreflexie und Katecholaminausscheidung beim Paraplegiker. Schweiz Med. Wochenschr 94: 124–130 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geffen, L.B., Livett, B.G., and Rush, R.A. Immunohistochemical localization of protein components of catecholamine storage vesicles. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 204: 593–605 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geffen, L.B., Rush, R.A., Louis, W.J., and Doyle A.E. Plasma catecholamines and dopamine-β-hydroxylase amounts in phaeochromocytoma. Clin. Sci. 44: 421–424 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gewirtz, G.P., and Kopin, I.J. Release of dopamine-β-hydroxylase with norepinephrine during cat splenic nerve stimulation. Nature (Lond.) 227: 406–407 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gitlow, S.E., Mendlowitz, M., Wilk, E.K., Wilk, S., Wolf, R.L., and Naftchi, N.E. Plasma clearance of D, L-β-H3-norepinephrine in normal human subjects and patients with essential hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. 43: 2009–2015 (1864).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttmann, L., and Whitteridge, D. Effects of bladder distension on autonomic mechanisms after spinal cord injuries. Brain 70: 361–405 (1947).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Head, H., and Riddoch, J. Autonomic bladder, excessive sweating, and some other reflex conditions in gross injuries of the spinal cord. Brain 40: 188–263 (1917).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, M. Uber den Niederschlag, welchen Pilerinsaure in normalen Harnerzeugt und über eine neue Reaction des Kreatinis. Z. Physiol. Chem. 10: 391–400 (1886).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, S., and Friedman, S. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Pharmacol. Rev. 17: 71–100 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirshner, N. Pathway of noradrenaline formation from dopa. J. Biol. Chem. 226: 821–825 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kvetnansky, R., and Mikulaj. L. Adrenal and urinary catecholamines in rats during adaptation to repeated immobilization stress. Endocrinology 87: 738–743 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louis, W.J., Doyle, A.E., and Anavekar, S. Plasma norepinephrine levels in essential hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 288: 599–601 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson, T., and Rosengren, E. Catecholamines of the spinal cord normally and after transection. Experimentia 19: 229–230 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molinoff, P.B., Brimijoin, W.S., Weinshilboum, R.M., and Axelrod, J, Neurally mediated increase in dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66: 453–458 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naftchi, N.E., Demeny, M., Kertesz, A., and Lowman, E.W. CNS and adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and norepinephrine, serotonin and histamine in the spinal cord after transection (abstr.) Fed. Proc. 31: 3483 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naftchi, N.E., Lowman, E.W., Rusk, H., and Reich, T. Urinary catecholamine metabolites in spinal cord injured human (abstr.) Fed. Proc. 28: 544 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naftchi, N.E., Lowman, E.W., Sell, H., and Rusk, H. Hypertensive crisis associated with increased urinary catecholamine catabolites in spinal man (abstr.) Fed. Proc. 30: 678 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naftchi, N.E., Lowman, E.W., Sell, G.H., and Rusk, H.A. Peripheral circulation and catecholamine metabolism in paraplegia and quadriplegia. Arch Phys. Med. Rehabil. 53: 357–362 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J.W., Tebecis, A.K., and York, D.H. Depression of spinal motoneurones by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 4: 471–475 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, J.T., and Axelrod, J. Properties of norepinephrine storage particles in the rat heart. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 142: 299–305 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roffman, M., Freedman, L.S., and Goldstein, M. Effect of acute and chronic swim stress on dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity. Life Sci. 12: 369–376 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roussan, M.S., Abramson, A.S., Lippmann, H.I., and DiOronzio, G. Somatic and autonomic responses to bladder filling in patients with complete transverse myelopathy. Arch. Phys. Med. 47: 450–456 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rush, R.A., Geffen, L.B. Radioimmunoassay and clearance of circulating dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Circ. Res. 31: 444–452 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schanberg, S., Stone, R., Kirshner, N., Gunnels, J., and Robinson, R. Plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase: A possible aid in the study and evaluation of hypertension. Science 183: 523–525 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell, G.H., Naftchi, N.E., Lowman, E.W., and Rusk, H. Autonomic hyperreflexia and catecholamine metabolites in spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 53: 415–418 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sizemore, G.W., and Winternitz, W.W. Autonomic hyperreflexia: Suppression with alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. N. Engl. J. Med. 282: 795 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spector, S., Tarver, J., and Berkowitz, B. Catecholamine biosynthesis and metabolism in vasculature of normotensive and hypertensive rats. In Spontaneous Hypertension: Its Pathogenesis and Complications, edited by K. Okamoto. Tokyo, Igaku Shoin, Ltd., 1972, pp. 41–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjarne, L., and Lishajko, F. Localization of different steps in noradrenaline synthesis to different fractions of a bovine splenic nerve homogenate. Biochem. Pharmacol. 16: 1719–1798 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi, K., Kakimoto, Y., and Armstrong, M. Quantitative determination of metanephrine and normetanephrine in urine. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 64: 469–484 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viveros, O.H., Arqueros, L., and Kirshner, N. Release of catecholamine and dopamine-β-oxidase from adrenal medulla. Life Sci. 7: 609–618 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weight, F.F., and Salmoiraghi, G.C. Adrenergic responses of Renshaw cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 154: 391–396 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinshilboum, R.M., and Axelrod, J. Serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity. Circ. Res. 28: 307–315 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinshilboum, R.M., and Axelrod, J. Reduced plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in familial dysautonomia. N. Engl. J. Med. 285: 938–942 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinshilboum, R.M., Kvetnansky, R., Axelrod, J., and Kopin, I.J. Elevation of serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity with forced immobilization. Nature (New Biol.) 230: 287–288 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinshilboum, R.M., Thoa, N.B., Johnson, D.G., Kopin, I.J., and Axelrod, J. Proportional release of norepinephrine and dopamine-β-hydroxylase from sympathetic nerves. Science 174: 1349–1351 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilk, E., Gitlow, S.E., Clarke, D.D., and Paley, D.H. Determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol by gas-liquid chromatography and electron capture detections. Clin. Chim. Acta. 16: 403–408 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilk, E., Gitlow, S., and Bertani, L. Modification of the Taniguchi method for the determination of noremetanephrine and metanephrine. Clin. Chim. Acta. 20: 147–148 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wooten, G.F., and Cardon, P. Plasma DβH activity: Elevation in man during cold pressor test and exercise. Arch. Neurol. 28: 103–106 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. N. E. Naftchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. F. Wooten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. W. Lowman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Axelrod
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Medical Center, N.Y., USA

    N. Eric Naftchi Ph.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Spectrum Publications, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Naftchi, N.E., Wooten, G.F., Lowman, E.W., Axelrod, J. (1982). Relationship Between Serum Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity, Catecholamine Metabolism, and Hemodynamic Changes During Paroxysmal Hypertension in Quadriplegia. In: Naftchi, N.E. (eds) Spinal Cord Injury. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6305-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6305-7_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6307-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6305-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation