Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Sleep Research pp 19–34Cite as

α- and β-Adrenergic Mechanisms in the Control of Sleep Stages

  • Chapter

Abstract

Norepinephrine (NE) appears intimately connected with central nervous mechanisms controlling various aspects of vigilance22, 25, 41, but its explicit role in the mechanisms of paradoxical sleep (PS) has remained elusive and a point of active controversy. To a minor degree the same holds for NE and waking.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Autret, A., Mintz, M., Beillevaire, T., Cathala, H.-P. and Schmitt, H. (1977). Effect of Clonidine on sleep patterns in man. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 12, 319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Beani, L., Bianchi, C., Giacomelli, A. and Tamberi, F. (1978). Noradrenaline inhibition of acetylcholine release from guinea-pig brain. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 48, 179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Berthelsen, S. and Pettinger, W. A. (1977). A functional basis for classification of α-adrenergic receptors. Life Sci., 21, 595

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bevan, P., Bradshaw, C. M. and Szabadi, E. (1977). The pharmacology of adrenergic neuronal responses in the cerebral cortex: evidence for excitatory α- and inhibitory β-receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol., 59, 635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cedarbaum, J. M. and Aghajanian, G. K. (1977). Catecholamine receptors on locus coeruleus neurons: pharmacological characterization. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 44, 375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chu, N. and Bloom, F. E. (1972). Norepinephrine-containing neurons: changes in spontaneous discharge patterns during sleeping and waking. Science, 179, 908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Delbarre, B. and Schmitt, H. (1971). Sedative effects of α-sympathomimetic drugs and their antagonism by adrenergic and cholinergic blocking drugs. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 13, 356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Delbarre, B. and Schmitt, H. (1973). A further attempt to characterize sedative receptors activated by Clonidine in chickens and mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 22, 355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Depoortere, H. (1978). Effects of some pre- and post-synaptic noradrenergic antagonists on the central action of Clonidine. Presented at the 18th Annual Meeting APSS, April 5–9, Palo Alto

    Google Scholar 

  10. Doxey, J. C., Smith, C. F. C. and Walker, J. M. (1977). Selectivity of blocking agents for pre- and postsynaptic α-adrenoceptors. Br. J. Pharmacol., 60, 91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Drew, G. M. (1977). Pharmacological characterization of the presynaptic α-adrenoceptor in rat vas deferens. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 42, 123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dunleavy, D. L. F., MacLean, A. W. and Oswald, I. (1971). Debrisoquine, guanethidine, propranolol and human sleep. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin), 21, 101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fuxe, K., Lidbrink, P., Hökfelt, T., Bolme, P. and Goldstein, M. (1974). Effects of piperoxane on sleep and waking in the rat: evidence for increased waking by blocking inhibitory adrenaline receptors on the locus coeruleus. Acta Physiol. Scand., 91, 566

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gaillard, J.-M. and Kafi, S. (1978). Brain catecholaminergic control of paradoxical sleep: pharmacological studies. In P. Passouant (ed.), Pharmacology of the States of Alertness. (New York: Pergamon Press) (In press)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Grabowska, M. and Andén, N.-E. (1976). Noradrenaline synthesis and utilization: control by nerve impulse flow under normal conditions and after treatment with alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 292, 53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hartmann, E. and Zwilling, G. (1976). The effect of alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockers on sleep in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behau., 5, 135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hartmann, E., Bridwell, T.J. and Schildkraut, J. J. (1971). Alpha-methyl-paratyrosine and sleep in the rat. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin), 21, 157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hilakivi, I., Mäkelä, J., Leppävuori, A. and Putkonen, P. T. S. (1978). Effects of two adrenergic β-receptor blockers on the sleep cycle of the cat. Med. Biol., 56, 138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hobson, J. A., McCarley, R. W. and Wyzinski, P. W. (1974). Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science, 189, 55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Holman, R. B., Shillito, E. E. and Vogt, M. (1971). Sleep produced by Clonidine (2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride). Br. J. Pharmacol., 43, 685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jasper, H. H. and Tessier, J. (1970). Acetylcholine liberation from cerebral cortex during paradoxical (REM) sleep. Science, 172, 601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jones, B. E. (1972). The respective involvement of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolites in waking and paradoxical sleep: a neuropharmacological model. Brain Res., 39, 121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jones, B. E., Harper, S. T. and Halaris, A. E. (1977). Effects of locus coeruleus lesions upon cerebral monoamine content, sleep-wakefulness states and the response to amphetamine in the cat. Brain Res., 124, 473

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jouvet, M. (1969). Biogenic amines and the states of sleep. Science, 163, 32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jouvet, M. (1972). The role of monoamines and acetylcholine-containing neurons in the regulation of the sleep-waking cycle. Ergebn. Physiol., 64, 166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kafi, S., Bouras, C., Constantinidis, J. and Gaillard, J.-M. (1977). Paradoxical sleep and brain catecholamines in the rat after single and repeated administration of alpha-methylparatyrosine. Brain Res., 135, 123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kayed, K. and Godtlibsen, O. B. (1977). Effects of the β-adrenoceptor antagonists acebutolol and metoprolol on sleep pattern in normal subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 12, 323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. King, C. D. and Jewett, R. E. (1971). The effects of α-methyltyrosine on sleep and brain norepinephrine in cats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 177, 188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kleinlogel, H., Scholtysik, G. and Sayers, A. C. (1975). Effects of Clonidine and BS 100–141 on the EEG sleep pattern in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 33, 159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kobinger, W. (1978). Central α-adrenergic systems as targets for hypotensive drugs. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 81, 39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Leppävuori, A. and Putkonen, P. T. S. (1978). Evidence for central alpha adrenoceptor stimulation as the basis of paradoxical sleep suppression by alpha methyldopa. Neurosci. Lett., 9, 37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Leppävuori, A., Putkonen, P. T. S. and Stenberg, D. (1976). Sedation and suppression of paradoxical sleep in the cat after Clonidine. Acta Physiol. Scand., (Suppl. 440), 60

    Google Scholar 

  33. McGinty, D. J., Harper, R. M. and Fairbanks, M. K. (1974). Neuronal unit activity and the control of sleep states. In E. D. Weitzmann (ed.), Advances in Sleep Research, Vol. I, pp. 173–216. (New York: Spectrum)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Marley, E. (1966). Behavioural and electrophysiological effects of catecholamines. Pharmacol.Rev., 18, 753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Matsumoto, J. and Watanabe, S. (1967). Paradoxical sleep: effects of adrenergic blocking agents. Proc. Japan Acad., 43, 680

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Miach, P. J., Dausse, J.-P. and Meyer, P. (1978). Direct biochemical demonstration of two types of α-adrenoreceptor in rat brain. Nature (London), 274, 492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Middlemiss, D. N., Blakeborough, L. and Leather, S. R. (1977). Direct evidence for an interaction of β-adrenergic blockers with the 5-HT receptor. Nature (London), 267, 289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Nickerson, M. and Collier, B. (1975). Drugs inhibiting adrenergic nerves and structures innervated by them. In L. S. Goodman and A. Gilman (eds.), The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th Ed., pp. 533–564. (New York: Macmillan)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Oswald, I., Thacore, V. R., Adam, K., Březinová, V. and Burack. R. (1975). α-Adrenergic receptor blockade increases human REM sleep. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2, 107

    Google Scholar 

  40. Pickworth, W. B., Sharpe, L. G., Nozaki, M. and Martin, W. R. (1977). Sleep suppression induced by intravenous and intraventricular infusions of methoxamine in the dog. Exp. Neurol., 57, 999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Putkonen, P. T. S. (1974). Monoamines and the regulation of vigilance and sleep. Med. Biol., 52, 193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Putkonen, P. T. S. and Leppävuori, A. (1977). Increase in paradoxical sleep in the cat after phentolamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. Acta Physiol. Scand., 100, 488

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Putkonen, P. T. S. and Leppävuori, A. (1978). Interactions of central cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic mechanisms in the control of paradoxical sleep. Neurosci. Lett., (Suppl. 1), S336

    Google Scholar 

  44. Putkonen, P., Leppävuori, A., Hilakivi, I., Mäkelä, J. and Stenberg, D. (1977). Paradoxical sleep inhibition by α-methyldopa due to central α-adrenoceptor stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 43, 525

    Google Scholar 

  45. Putkonen, P. T. S., Leppävuori, A., Hilakivi, I. and Mäkelä, J. (1978). Central alpha adrenoceptors and the states of vigilance: neuropharmacological experiments in cats. In P. Passouant (ed.), Pharmacology of the States of Alertness. (New York: Pergamon Press) (In press)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Putkonen, P. T. S., Leppävuori, A. and Stenberg, D. (1977). Paradoxical sleep inhibition by central alpha-adrenoceptor stimulant Clonidine antagonized by alpha-receptor blocker yohimbine. Life Sci., 21, 1059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Putkonen, P., Leppävuori, A., Stenberg, D. and Hilakivi, I. (1977). The effect of α-adrenoceptive blockade on the rebound of paradoxical sleep following its selective deprivation. In Fifth Scandinavian Meeting on Physiology and Behaviour, p. 35, Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  48. Putkonen, P. T. S., Mäkelä, J., Hilakivi, I., Kovala, T. and Leppävuori, A. (1978). Interactions of propranolol with two drugs affecting monoamines and sleep in the cat. In Fourth European Congress on Sleep Research, p. 126. (Tirgu-Mures: Tipografia Tg-Mures, 117/1978)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Rochette, L. and Bralet, J. (1975). Effect of the norepinephrine receptor stimulating agent ‘Clonidine’ on the turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine in some areas of the rat brain. J. Neural Transm., 37, 19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Roussel, B., Buguet, A., Bobillier, P. and Jouvet, M. (1967). Locus coeruleus, sommeil paradoxal, et noradrénaline cérébrale. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 161, 2537

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Segal, D. S. and Geyer, M. A. (1976). Pre- and post-junctional supersensitivity: differentiation by intraventricular infusions of norepinephrine and methoxamine. Psychopharmacology, 50, 145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Starke, K. (1977). Regulation of noradrenaline release by pre-synaptic receptor systems. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 77, 1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Stenberg, D., Miettinen, M., Miettinen, K. and Putkonen, P. T. S. (1978). Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on sleep in kitten. Neurosci. Lett., (Suppl. 1), S337

    Google Scholar 

  54. Sterman, M. B., Knauss, T., Lehmann, D. and Clemente, C. D. (1965). Circadian sleep and waking patterns in the laboratory cat. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol, 19, 509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Stern, W. C. and Morgane, P. J. (1974). Theoretical view of REM sleep function: maintenance of catecholamine systems in the central nervous system. Behav. Biol., 11, 1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Svensson, T. H., Bunney, B. S. and Aghajanian, G. K. (1975). Inhibition of both noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons in brain by the α-adrenergic agonist Clonidine. Brain Res., 92, 291

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Taube, H. D., Starke, K. and Borowski, E. (1977). Presynaptic receptor systems on the noradrenergic neurones of rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol, 299, 123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. U’Prichard, D. C., Charness, M. E., Robertson, D. and Snyder, S. H. (1978). Prazosin: differential affinities for two populations of α-noradrenergic receptor binding sites. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 50, 87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ursin, R. (1968). The two stages of slow wave sleep in the cat and their relation to REM sleep. Brain Res., 11, 347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Weinstock, M., Weiss, C. and Gitter, S. (1977). Blockade of 5-hydroxytrypt-amine receptors in the central nervous system by β-adrenoceptor antagonists. Neuropharmacology, 16, 273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wikberg, J. E. S. (1978). Pharmacological classification of adrenergic a receptors in the guinea pig. Nature (London), 273, 164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. P. T. S. Putkonen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. St Mary’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK

    R. G. Priest (Professor of Psychiatry) (Professor of Psychiatry)

  2. Research Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd., Basle, Switzerland

    A. Pletscher (Director) (Director)

  3. Department of Medical Information, International Pharma Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd., Basle, Switzerland

    J. Ward

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 MTP Press Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Putkonen, P.T.S. (1979). α- and β-Adrenergic Mechanisms in the Control of Sleep Stages. In: Priest, R.G., Pletscher, A., Ward, J. (eds) Sleep Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6226-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6226-5_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6228-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6226-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation