Abstract
At the present time there is an apparent wealth of detailed information on the physico-chemical properties and biological roles of estrogens. This plethora of undoubtedly valuable knowledge not only provides a greater understanding of the effects of these hormones on metabolic processes and biochemical events at tissue, cellular, and sub-cellular levels but also clarifies the sensitive biological control systems which regulate gonadal hormones in the female. Yet, it is readily apparent that the relative lack of information and data on the climacteric as a total process in the human female is the cause of much concern. The present limited knowledge of the menopause and postmenopausally related events taken with the urgent need to clarify certain issues regarding the advisability of therapeutic intervention with estrogenic compounds indicate that detailed investigations on the menopause and its sequelae are still amongst the most needed in biomedical research. Perhaps the aspect most neglected in our increasing awareness of the mechanisms underlying climacteric complaints is that which relates to psychological impairment in general and to any specific psychological effects of estrogens in particular.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Utian, W. H. (1973). Comparative trial of P1496, a new non-steroidal oestrogen analogue. Brit. Med. J., 1, 409
Jones, W. H., Cohen, E.J. and Wilson, R. B. (1973). Clinical aspects of the menopause. In: K. J. Ryan and D. C. Gibson (eds.). Menopause and Aging, pp. 2–4. (D.H.E.W. Publication, N.I.H. No. 73-319, Bethesda Public Health Service)
Dapunt, O. (1967). Das klimakterische Syndrom. Zbl. Gynäk., 89, 300
Winter, G. F. (1967). Natürliche konjugierte Oestrogene im Klimakterium. Zbl. Gynäk., 89, 296
Kopera, H. (1973). Estrogens and psychic-functions. In P. A. van Keep and C. Lauritzen (eds.). Frontiers of Hormone Research: Ageing and Estrogens, vol. 2. pp. 118–33 (Basel: Karger)
Coppen, A., Prange, A. J., Whybrow, P. C. and Noguera, R. (1972). Abnormalities of indoleamines in affective disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr., 26, 474
Ashcroft, G. W., Crawford, T. B. B., Cundall, R. L., Davidson, D. L., Dobson, J., Dow, R. C., Eccleston, D., Loose, R. W. and Pullar, I. A. (1973). 5-Hydroxy-tryptamine metabolism in affective illnesses: the effect of tryptophan administration. Psychol. Med., 3, 326
Ridges, A. P. (1975). Biochemistry of depression: a review. J. Int. Med. Res., 3, (Suppl.) (2), 42
Jequier, E., Robinson, D. S., Levenberg, W. and Sjoerdsma, A. (1969). Tryptophan-5-hydroxlase activity and brain tryptophan metabolism. Biochem. Pharmac., 18, 1071
Eccleston, D., Ashcroft, G. W. and Crawford, T. B. B. (1965). 5-Hydroxyindole metabolism in rat brain. A study of intermediate metabolism using the technique of tryptophan loading. II. Applications and drug studies. J. Neurochem., 12, 493
Tagliamonte, A., Biggio, G., Vargiu, L. and Gessa, G. L. (1973). Increase of brain tryptophan and stimulation of serotonin synthesis by salicylate. J. Neurochem., 20, 909
McMenamy, R. H. and Oneley, J. L. (1958). Specific binding of L-tryptophan to scrum albumin. J. Biol. Chem., 233, 1436
Knott, P.J. and Curzon, G. (1972). Free tryptophan in plasma and brain tryptophan metabolism. Nature, London, 239, 452
McArthur, J. N., Dawkins, P. D. and Smith, M.J. H. (1971). The displacement of L-tryptophan and dipeptides from bovine serum albumin in vitro and from human plasma in vivo by anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 23, 393
Aylward, M. and Maddock, J. (1973). Total and free plasma tryptophan concentrations in rheumatoid disease. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 25, 570
Aylward, M. and Maddock, J. (1974). Plasma L-tryptophan concentrations in chronic rheumatic diseases and the effects of some antirheumatic drugs on the binding of the amino acid to plasma proteins in vitro and in vivo. Rheumatol. Rehabil., 13, 62
Aylward, M. (1973). Plasma tryptophan levels and mental depression in postmenopausal subjects: Effects of oral piperazine-oestrone sulphate. I.R.C.S. Med. Sci., 1, 30
Coppen, A., Eccleston, E. G. and Peet, M. (1972). Total and free tryptophan concentration in the plasma of depressive patients. Lancet, ii, 1415
Maddock, J., Jackson, D., Rees, P., Thomson, J. and Aylward, M. (1976). Plasma tryptophan levels and sleep in depressed female patients. (In preparation)
Aylward, M., Maddock, J., Parker, R. J., Holly, F., Murray, R., Jackson, D. and English, H. (1976). Epidemiology of perimenopausal complaints in an urban population. (In preparation)
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 23, 56
Kupperman, H. S., Blatt, M. G. H., Wiesbader, H. and Filler, W. (1953). Vasomotor disturbances and the menopause. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 13, 688
Jaszmann, L. (1973). Epidemiology of climacteric and post-climacteric complaints. In; P. A. van Keep and C. Lauritzen (eds.). Ageing and Estrogens: Front. Hormone Res., 2, pp. 22–34 (Basel: Karger)
Kirkham, K. E. and Hunter, W. M. (1971). Radioimmunoassay Methods, (Edinburgh and London: Churchill Livingstone)
Abraham, G. E. (1974). Radioimmunoassay of steroids in biological fluids. Acta Endocrinol., 183 (Suppl.)
Aylward, M., Holly, F. and Parker, R.J. (1974). An evaluation of clinical response to piperazine-oestrone sulphate (‘Harmogen’) in menopausal patients. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2, 417
Curzon, G. and Knott, P. J. (1975). Rapid effects of environmental disturbance on rat plasma unesterified fatty acid and tryptophan concentrations and their prevention by antilipolytic drugs. Br. J. Pharmacol., 54, 389
Taggart, P. and Carruthers, M. (1971). Endogenous hyperlipidaemia induced by emotional stress of racing driving. Lancet, i, 363
Aylward, M., Maddock, J. and Rees, P. (1976). Natural oestrogen replacement therapy and blood clotting. Brit. Med. J., 1, 220
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aylward, M. (1976). Estrogens, plasma tryptophan levels in perimenopausal patients. In: Campbell, S. (eds) The Management of the Menopause & Post-Menopausal Years. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6165-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6165-7_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6167-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6165-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive