Skip to main content

The Epidemiology of Child Abuse

  • Chapter

Abstract

The ‘Ascent of Man’ required group co-operation in which the young were protected. Life expectancy was so short, and sub-human and pre-human young so vulnerable that adult individuals other than the parents must have protected them. Love of the young and protection of the helpless, argues Bronowski1 must have been essential ingredients of human evolution. Social amity and group protection of the young are older primate characteristics in pre-human evolution than the ferocity of our immediate ancestors, the man-like (group hunting) apes2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bronowski, J. (1974). Ascent of Man. Ch. 1 (London: British Broadcasting Corporation Publication)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ardrey, R. (1961). African Genesis: A Personal Investigation into the Animal Origins and Nature of Man. (London: Collins)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Holy Bible. Book of Joshua, Chapter 6:17–21

    Google Scholar 

  4. Holy Bible. Book of Matthew, Chapter 2:16

    Google Scholar 

  5. Trevelyan, G. M. (1959). A Shortened History of England. (London: Pelican)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Morris, C. (1967). The Tudors, Ch. 6 (London and Glasgow: Fontana)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ward, B. (1972). The Death of Changeling. World Med., 8, 43

    Google Scholar 

  8. John Nicholson of Kirkcudbright (1843). Sawney Bean and his Family, Historical and traditional Tales connected with the South of Scotland.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Thomas Phaire (1553). The Boke of Chyldren. p. 31 (Edinburgh and London, 1955: E. and S. Livingstone)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Masters, A. (1972). The Summer That Bled. The Biography of Hannah Senesh. (London: Michael Joseph Ltd.)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lord Russell of Liverpool (1954). The Scourge of the Swastika. A Short History of Nazi War Crimes. (London: Cassell and Co. Ltd.)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Solzhenitsyn, A. (1975). Observer Review, December 7. Extracted from Vol. 2 of The Gulag Archipelago 1918–1956 (London: Collins/Harvill)

    Google Scholar 

  13. The Mind of Hitler. (1972). Sunday Telegraph, December 3

    Google Scholar 

  14. Radbill, S. X. (1968). A history of child abuse and infanticide. In: The Battered Child, R. E. Helfer and C. H. Kempe (eds.) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bloch, H. (1973). Dilemma of Battered Child and Battered Children. N. Y. State J. Med., 73,799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Solomon, T. (1973). History and demography of child abuse. Pediatrics, 51, 773

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. De Mause, L. (1976). The History of Childhood; the Evolution of Parent-Child Relationships as a Factor in History. Condor Press. Also summarized as Waking from a Nightmare by V. Sinason in N. Psychiat., 3, 18

    Google Scholar 

  18. Evans, R. M. (1972). Children in the Iron Industry. Museum Schools Service, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff

    Google Scholar 

  19. Speed, P. F. (1975). Social Problems of the Industrial Revolution (Oxford: Pergamon Press)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Osborn, L. (1975). Pseudohermaphrodites with the Golden Voices. World Med., 11, 55

    Google Scholar 

  21. Naipaul, V. S. (1975). England’s Black Gold. Radio Times. 13th March, p. 64

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lewis, N. (1975). Manhunt. Sunday Times Magazine. January 26th, p. 26

    Google Scholar 

  23. Evans, P. (1968). Infanticide. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 61, 1296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bruce-Chwatt, L. (1976). Female Circumcision and Politics. World Med., 1, 44

    Google Scholar 

  25. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Evidence for the Select Parliamentary (UK) Committee on Violence in the Family, June 1976

    Google Scholar 

  26. Newson, J. and Newson, E. (1965). Patterns of Infant Care in an Urban Community. (London: Penguin)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wykes, A. (1968). The seige of Leningrad. Purnell’s History of the Second World War; Battle Book 5. (The relevant quotations cite mainly Dmitri V. Pavlov)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gelinek, I. (1974). Migrants’ Children. International Child Welfare Review, No. 21, 45

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cicorela, G. and Spallino, L. (1974). Frontier Orphans. International Child Welfare Review, No. 21, 49

    Google Scholar 

  30. Noel, J. V. (1971). Lessons from a ‘Primitive’ People. World Med., 6, 61

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kiloh, L. G. (1975). Psychiatry amongst the Australian Aborigines. Br. J. Psychiat, 126, 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bwibo, N. O. (1971). Battered child syndrome. East Afr. Med. J., 48, 56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bwibo, N. O. (1972). Battered child syndrome. East Afr. Med. J., 49, 934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hwang, W. T., Leng, L. K. and Chin, C. (1974). Battered child syndrome in a Malaysian hospital. Med. J. Malaysia, 28, 239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to Authority. (London and New York: Tavistock Publications Ltd.)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Storr, A. (1976). Sadism and Paranoia. Paper presented at the Symposium on Child Abuse, at the Royal Society of Medicine, 2–4th June 1976

    Google Scholar 

  37. Newson, J. (1977). Intentional behaviour in the young infant. Annual Scientific Meeting of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (Child Psychiatry Section), held at The Royal College of Physicians, London, March 11th

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ounsted, C., Oppenheimer, R. and Lindsay, J. (1974). Aspects of bonding failure: The Psychopathology and Psychotherapeutic treatment of families of battered children. Develop. Med. Child Neurol., 16, 447

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lynch, M. A., Lindsay, J. and Ounsted, C. (1975). Tranquillizers causing aggression. Br. med. J., 1, 266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Lynch, M. A. (1975). Lancet, ii, 317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Richards, M. P. M. (1976). ‘Parents and Children and Non-Accidental Injury’. Paper presented at the Symposium on Child Abuse, at the Royal Society of Medicine, June 2– 4th 1976

    Google Scholar 

  42. Richards, M. P. M. (1974). First steps in becoming social. In: The Integration of a Child into a Social World. (London: Cambridge University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Apter, M. J. and Smith, K. C. P. (1977). The theory of psychological reversals and family Interaction. International Conference on Family Interaction. Symposium held at the University of Mexico. Mexico City. January 1977

    Google Scholar 

  44. Campbell, H. J. (1973). The Pleasure Areas. (London: Eyre Methuen Ltd.)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Howells, J. G. (1974). Remember Maria. (London: Butterworth)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gathorne-Hardy, J. (1974). The Rise and Fall of the British Nanny. (London: Hodder and Stoughton) (Arrow edition)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Morgan, P. (1975). Child Care, Sense and Fable. (London: Temple Smith)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Oliver, J. E. (1976). Families in which children suffer maltreatment. Paper presented at the Symposium on Child Abuse, at the Royal Society of Medicine, June 2–4th 1976

    Google Scholar 

  49. Oliver, J. E. and Dewhurst, K. E. (1969). Six generations of ill-used children in a Huntington’s pedigree. Postgrad. Med. J., 45, 757

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Smith, S. M., Honigsberger, L. and Smith, C. A. (1973). EEG and Personality Factors in Baby Batterers, Br. med. J., 2, 20

    Article  Google Scholar 

References (to Part II and Appendix)

  1. British Medical Journal (1973). Deliberate injury of children. 4, 61

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cameron, J. M. (1972). The battered baby syndrome. Practitioner, 109, 302

    Google Scholar 

  3. Castle, R. L. and Kerr, A. M. (1972). A study of suspected child abuse. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children publication, September, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chesser, E. (1951). Cruelty to Children. (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd.)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Clegg, A. and Megson, B. (1968). Children in Distress. (London: Penguin)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cooper, C. (1975). The Doctors Dilemma. In: Concerning Child Abuse, A. W. Franklin (ed.) (Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Court, D., Lister, J. and Franklin, A. W. (1974). Experts and child abuse. Br. med. J., 3, 801

    Google Scholar 

  8. Court, J. (1969). An historical review of the american child abuse laws. Child Care News, 92

    Google Scholar 

  9. Court, J. (1971). The battered child syndrome: 1. The need for a multi-disciplinary approach. Nursing Times, 67, 659

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Diggle, G. and Jackson, G. (1973). Child injury intensive monitoring system. Br. med. J., 3, 334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fairburn, A. C. and Jones, S. (1975). Beta 5 and battering (child abuse — a scheme of interdisciplinary linkage and co-ordination). New Society, 31.7.75

    Google Scholar 

  12. Franklin, A. W. (1975). Concerning Child Abuse. (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Howells, J. G. (1974). Remember Maria. (London: Butterworth)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jackson, G. (1972). Child abuse syndrome: the cases we miss. Br. med. J., 2, 756

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Okell, C. (1971). Childhood accidents and child abuse. Community Med., 126, 124

    Google Scholar 

  16. Okell, C. (1972). The battered baby syndrome: (a) recent research and implications for treatment. Royal Society of Health Congress held at Eastbourne, 24–28th April 1972

    Google Scholar 

  17. Oliver, J. E. and Cox, J. (1973). A family kindred with ill-used children: the burden on the community. Br. J. Psychiat., 123, 81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Oliver, J. E., Cox, J., Taylor, A. and Baldwin, J. A. (1974). Severely ill-treated young children in North-East Wiltshire. Unit of Clinical Epidemiology. Oxford Record Linkage Study. Oxford Regional Health Authority. Research Report No. 4. August 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ounsted, C., Oppenhimer, R. and Lindsay, J. (1974). Aspects of bonding failure: The psy-chopathology and psychotherapeutic treatment of families of battered children. Devel. Med. Chld Neurol., 16, 447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Parker, G. E. (1965). The battered child syndrome. Med. Sci. Law, 8, 160

    Google Scholar 

  21. Powis, D. (1974). Violence to children. Police Review, November 15th, p. 1473

    Google Scholar 

  22. Renvoize, J. (1974). Children in Danger. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Skinner, A. E. and Castle, R. L. (1969). 78 Battered children: A retrospective study. (London: NSPCC)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Smith, S. and Noble, N. (1973). Battered children and their parents. New Society, 26, 393

    Google Scholar 

  25. Stark, J. (1969). The battered child: does Britain need a reporting law? Public Law, 48

    Google Scholar 

  26. Avery, J. C. (1973). The battered child. Mental Hyg., 57, 40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dodge, P. R. (1962). Medical implications of physical abuse of children. In: Protecting the Battered Child. American Humane Association Publication, p. 23

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ebbin, A. J., Gollub, M. H., Stein, A. M. and Wilson, M. G. (1969). Battered child syndrome at the Los Angeles County General Hospital. Am. J. Dis. Chld., 118, 660

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fontana, V. J. (1971). The Maltreated Child. (Illinois: Charles C. Thomas)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fontana, V. J. (1971). The diagnosis of the maltreatment syndrome in children. Symposium on Child Abuse. New York University Medical Centre. June 15th 1971. Published in Pediatrics, 51, April 1973

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gregg, G. S. and Elmer, E. (1969). Infant injuries: accident or abuse? Pediatrics, 44, 434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Helfer, R. E. and Kempe, C. H. (1968). The Battered Child. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Holter, J. C. and Friedman, S. B. (1968). Child abuse: early case-finding in the emergency department. Pediatrics, 42, 128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kempe, C. H., Silverman, F. N., Steele, B. F., Droegemueller, W. and Silver, H. K. (1962). The battered child syndrome. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 181, 17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kempe, C. H. (1969). The battered child and the hospital. Hosp. Pract., 4, 44

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kempe, C. H. (1971) Paediatric implications of the battered baby syndrome. Arch. Dis. Chld., 46, 28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kempe, C. H. (1974). Duty to report child abuse. Editorial in the W. J. Med., 121, 224

    Google Scholar 

  38. Light, R. J. (1973). Abused and neglected children in America: a study of alternative policies. Harvard Educational Review, 43, 556

    Google Scholar 

  39. Murdock, C. G. (1970). The abused child and the school system. Am. J. Pub. Hlth, 60, 105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pickett, L. K. (1972). The role of the surgeon in the detection of child abuse. Connecticut Med., 36, 513

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Reeb, K. G., Melli, M. S., Wald, M. and Wesenberg, R. (1972). A conference on child abuse. Wisconsin Med. J., 71, 226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Silver, L. B., Barton, W. and Dublin, C. C. (1967). Child abuse laws: are they enough? J. Am. Med. Assoc., 199, 101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Silver, L. B., Dublin, C. C. and Lourie, R. S. (1969). Child abuse syndrome: the ‘gray areas’ in establishing a diagnosis. Pediatrics, 44, 594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Simons, B., Downs, E. F., Hurster, M. M. and Archer, M. (1966). Child abuse: epidemiologic study of medically reported cases. N. Y. State J. Med., 66, 2783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Verbeeck, J. (1971). The physician confronted by unloved children. Med. Hyg., 29, 362

    Google Scholar 

  46. Vesterdal, J. (1972). The battered child syndrome. Ann. Nestle, 27, 5

    Google Scholar 

  47. Moszer, M. and Bach, C. (1969). The battered child syndrome. ‘Le syndrome des enfants maltraités’. Prog. Méd., 97, 303

    Google Scholar 

  48. Neimann, N. and Rabouille, D. (1969). Maltreated children. Rev. Prat., 19, 3879

    Google Scholar 

  49. Straus, P. and Wolf, A. (1970). A topical question: maltreated children. Psychiatrie de L’Enfant, 12, 577

    Google Scholar 

  50. Köttgen, U., Greinacher, I., and Hofmann, S. (1968). Radiological diagnosis of maltreatment of children (Battered Child Syndrome), z.Kinderheilkde, 6, 384

    Google Scholar 

  51. Nau, E. (1967). Maltreated children. Monatsschr.Kinderheilkde, 115, 192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Trube-Becker, E. (1973). Child abuse and its consequences. Paediat. Prax., 12/3, 389 (English Summary in Psychiatric Briefs, 7, 70)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Underhill, E. (1974). The child and his surroundings. The strange silence of teachers, doctors and social workers in the face of cruelty to children: International Child Welfare Review (Geneva), No. 21, p. 16 (In English)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Bwibo, N. O. (1972). Battered child syndrome. E. Afr. Med. J., 49, 934

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hwang, W. T., Leng, L. K. and Chin, C. (1974). Battered child syndrome in a Malaysian hospital. Med. J. Malaysia, 28, 239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Irwin, C. (1974). Specialists on child battering. Golden jubilee of the South African National Council for Child Welfare. Pretoria, 21–25, October 1974. Reported in Child Welfare (Kindersorg) December 1974

    Google Scholar 

  57. Bialestock, D. (1973). Custody of children. Med. J. Aust., 2, 1128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Birrell, R. G. and Birrell, J. H. W. (1968). The maltreatment syndrome in children: a hospital survey. Med. J. Aust., 2, 1023

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Colclough, I. R. (1972). Victorian Government’s report on child abuse: a reinvestigation. Med. J. Aust., 2, 1491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Editorial Article (1974). Med. J. Aust., 2, 231

    Google Scholar 

  61. Gibson, G. H. and Watson, J. V. (1973). Battered baby syndrome. Med. J. Aust., 2, 1073

    Google Scholar 

  62. British Paediatric Association and British Association of Paediatric Surgeons. (1976). Evidence Presented to the Select Parliamentary Committee, 8.6.76

    Google Scholar 

  63. Beswick, K., Lynch, M. A. and Roberts, J. (1976). Child abuse and general practice. Br. med. J., 2, 800

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. The Battered Baby (1970). Prepared by The Standing Medical Advisory Committee for the Central Health Services Council, England and Wales. Dept. of Health and Social Security. (London: HMSO)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Hall, M. H. (1972). The battered baby syndrome: (b) non-accidental injuries in children. Royal Society of Health Congress, held at Eastbourne 24th–28th April, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hession, M. (1976). Evidence for the select parliamentary (UK) Committee on violence in the family, from the Institute of Child Psychology. May 1976

    Google Scholar 

  67. Holman, R. R. and Kanwar, S. (1975). Early life of the battered child. Arch. Dis. Chld., 78

    Google Scholar 

  68. Editorial (1971). Violent Parents. Lancet., ii, 1017

    Google Scholar 

  69. MacKeith, R. (1974). Speculations on non-accidental injury as a cause of chronic brain disorder. Devel Med. Chld Neurol., 16, 216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Rose, N., Owtram, P., Pickett, J., Marran, B. and Maton, A. (1975). Registers of suspected non-accidental injury. (London: NSPCC)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Scott, P. D. (1973). Parents who kill their children. Med. Sci. Law., 13, 120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Smith, S. M. and Hanson, R. (1974). 134 battered children: a medical and psychological study. Br. med. J., 3, 666

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Sills, J. A., Thomas, L. J. and Rosenbloom, L. (1977). Non-accidental injury; a two year study in central Liverpool. Devel. Med. Chld Neurol., 19, 26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. The Tunbridge Wells Study Group. (1973). Non-accidental injury to children. Compiled by Alfred White Franklin, sponsored by the Spastics Society

    Google Scholar 

  75. Adelson, L. (1961). Slaughter of the innocents. N. Engl J. Med., 264, 1345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Akbarnia, B., Torg, J. S., Kirkpatrick, J. and Sussman, S. (1975). Manifestations of the battered-child syndrome. J. Bone Joint Surg., 56-A, 1159

    Google Scholar 

  77. Blumberg, M. L. (1974). Psychopathology of the abusing parent. Am. J. Psychother., 28, 21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Bryant, H. D., Billingsley, A., Kerry, G. A., Leefman, W. V., Merrill, E. J., Senecal, G. R. and Walsh, B. G. (1963). Physical Abuse of Children. An Agency Study. Child Welfare, 42, 125

    Google Scholar 

  79. Elmer, E. (1967). Children in Jeopardy. (University of Pittsburgh Press)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Fürst, W. D. (1975). The medical profession and child abuse in Texas. Texas Med., 71, 87

    Google Scholar 

  81. George, J. E. (1973). Spare the rod. A survey of the battered child syndrome. Forensic Sci., 2, 129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Gil, D. G. (1970). Violence Against Children (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gil, D. G. (1968). Incidence of child abuse and demographic characteristics of person involved. In: The Battered Child (R. E. Helfer and C. H. Kempe, (eds.)). (University of Chicago Press)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Green, F. C. (1975). Child abuse and neglect. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am., 22, 329

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hall, D. A. (1974). Protecting the abused child in Maine. J. Maine Med. Assoc., 148

    Google Scholar 

  86. Helfer, R. E. and Pollock, C. B. (1968). The Battered Child Syndrome. Adv. Pediatr., 15, 9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hudson, P., Bagdon, L., Haroutunian, A. and Winters, H. (1975). The health professions and child abuse and neglect. J. Med. Soc. New Jersey 72, 605

    Google Scholar 

  88. Jaffe, A. C. Dynneson, L. and ten Bensel, R. W. (1975). Sexual abuse of children. Am. J. Dis. Chid., 129, 689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Lauer, B., Broeck, E. T. and Grossman, M. (1974). Battered child syndrome: review of 130 patients with controls. From the Dept. of Pediatrics, San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, Pediatrics, 54, 67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Merrill, E. J. (1962). Protecting the battered child: Part I. Physical abuse of children. American Humane Association, Children’s Division report for the 89th Annual Forum of the National Conference on Social Welfare, New York City, May 31st 1962

    Google Scholar 

  91. Mindlin, R. L. (1974). Child abuse and neglect; The role of the pediatrician and the academy. Pediatrics, 54, 393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Morse, C. W., Sanier, O. J. Z. and Friedman, S. B. (1970). A three year follow-up study of abused and neglected children. Am. J. Dis. Chld., 120, 439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Nazzaro, J. (1974). Child abuse and neglect. Exceptional Children, 40, 351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Schloesser, P. T. (1964). The abused child. Bull. Menninger Clin., 28, 260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Silver, L. B. (1968). Child abuse syndrome: a review. Med. Times, 96, 803

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Solomon, T. (1971). History and demography of child abuse. Symposium on child abuse. New York University Medical Centre, 15.6.71. Published in Pediatrics, 51, April 1973

    Google Scholar 

  97. Weston, J. T. (1968). The pathology of child abuse. In: The Battered Child, R. E. Helfer, and C. H. Kempe (eds.). (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Zalba, S. R. (1966). The abused child. A survey of the problem. Social Work, 2, 3

    Google Scholar 

  99. Dawe, K. E. (1973). Maltreated children at home and overseas. Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne Australia. Aust. Paediat. J., 9, 177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Dawe, K. E. (1973). Child abuse in Nova Scotia. Aust. Paediatric J., 9, 294

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Fried, C. T. (1973). Child Abuse is a Family Social Disease. Can. Family Phys., Aug. 1973, 53

    Google Scholar 

  102. McRae, K. N., Ferguson, C. A. and Lederman, R. S. (1973). The battered child syndrome. Med. Assoc. J., 108, 859

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Rodenburg, M. (1971). Child murder by depressed parents. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J., 16, 41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Trube-Becker, E. (1971). Autopsy of children who have died suddenly. Medizinische Klinik, 66, 58 (English Summary in the Journal Ann. Nestle, 27, 67, 1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Kempe, C. H. (1972). Paper Presented to Harvard interfaculty Seminar on Child Rearing in Urban America.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Smith, S. M. (1975). Personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  107. Bonjer, A. J. (Director, Vereniging tegen kindermischandeling) Personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  108. Oliver, J. E. (1975). Microcephaly following baby battering and shaking. Br. med. J., 2, 262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. James, H. E. and Schut, L. (1974). The neurosurgeon and the battered child. Surg. Neurol., 2, 415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Martin, H. P. (1975). The effect of child abuse on the neurologic and personality development of children. Developmental and Child Neurology, p. 389. (Paper given during annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  111. Smith, S. and Noble, S. (1973). Battered children and their parents. New Society, 26, No. 580, 393

    Google Scholar 

  112. Oliver, J. E. (1975). Statistics of child abuse. Br. med. J., 3, 99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Brown, R. H. (1973). The battered child. Chicago Med. Soc. Bull., March 1973

    Google Scholar 

  114. Rood-de-Boer, M. (1971). Child care in the Netherlands. National Federation for Child Welfare. The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  115. Directie Kinderbescherming-Ministerie Van Justitie. (1973). Verslag over de jaren, 1969–70. Staatsuitgeverij’s-Gravenhage (English summaries and English notes explaining the tables)

    Google Scholar 

  116. Children in Care in England and Wales, (1973). Dept. of Health and Social Services and the Welsh Office, Command Paper, 5815, HMSO

    Google Scholar 

  117. Pringle, M. L. K. (1971). Deprivation and Education. Studies in Child Development; National Bureau for Co-operation in Child Care. (London: Longmans)

    Google Scholar 

  118. Children in Care in England and Wales (1969). Home Office Command Paper 4263, reprinted 1972, HMSO

    Google Scholar 

  119. Children in Care in England and Wales (1970). Home Office Command Paper 4559; HMSO

    Google Scholar 

  120. Children in Care in England and Wales (1971). DHSS and the Welsh Office, Command Paper 5100, HMSO

    Google Scholar 

  121. Children in Care in England and Wales (1973). Dept. Health and Social Security and the Welsh Office, Command Paper 5434, HMSO

    Google Scholar 

  122. Montagu, N. L. J. (1975). Personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  123. Annual Report (1972). National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

    Google Scholar 

  124. Annual Report (1973). National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

    Google Scholar 

  125. Gil, D. G. (1969). Physical abuse of children. Findings and implications of a nationwide survey. Pediatrics, 44, 857

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. De Francis, V. (1966). Child Abuse Legislation. (Denver: American Humane Association, Children’s Division)

    Google Scholar 

  127. Kempe, C. H. (1972). Paper presented to Harvard Inter-Faculty Seminar on Child Rearing in Urban America

    Google Scholar 

  128. Jacobziner, J. (1964). Rescuing the Battered Child. Am. J. Nursing, 64, 92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Planning for the Protection and Care of Neglected Children in California (1964). (Sacramento: National Study Service)

    Google Scholar 

  130. American Public Welfare Association (1958). Preventive and Protective Services to Children. A responsibility of the Public Welfare Agency. Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  131. Newcombe, H. B. (1966). Familial tendencies in diseases of children. Brit. J. Prevent. Soc. Med., 20, 49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Kempe, C. H. and Heifer, R. E. (1972). Helping the Battered Child and his Family. (Philadelphia: Lippincott)

    Google Scholar 

  133. Scott, P. D. (1973). Fatal battered baby cases. Med. Sci. Law, 13, 197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Smith, S. M., Hanson, R. and Noble S. (1974). Social aspects of the Battered Baby Syndrome. Br. J. Psychiat., 125, 568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Selwyn M. Smith

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oliver, J.E. (1978). The Epidemiology of Child Abuse. In: Smith, S.M. (eds) The Maltreatment of Children. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6162-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6162-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6164-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6162-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics