Abstract
A survey of the literature of the past 50 years reveals remarkable consistency in the accumulated data relating mental functioning to genetic potentials. Intragroup resemblance in intellectual abilities increases in proportion to the degree of genetic relationship.
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J. Hirsch. Science, this issue.
This material was included in a report presented at the XVII International Congress of Psychology. Washington, D.C., 1963 (L. Erlennteyer-Kimling, L. F. Jarvik, and F. J. Kallmann). Detailed information about the data presented here is available upon request and is in preparation for publication.
This survey does include reports on opposite-sex (hence dizygotic) twin pairs from these studies.
Correlational pairings refer to the number of individual pairs used in deriving the correlation coefficients. Some investigators constructed a large number of pairings on the basis of a relatively small number of individuals. Altogether, we have been able to identify the following minimum numbers: twins, 3134 pairs (1082 monozygotic and 2052 dizygotic); sibs apart, 125 pairs plus 131 individuals; sibs together, 8288 pairs plus 7225 individuals; parent-child, 371 pairs plus 6812 individuals; fosterparent-child, 537 individuals; unrelated apart, 15.086 pairings; unrelated together, 195 pairings plus 287 individuals.
Correlational data are now available on 107 separated pairs of monozygotic twins from four series: H. H. Newman, F. N. Freeman, K. J. Holzinger, Twins: A Study of Heredity and Environment (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1937);
J. Conway, Brit. J. Stat. Psychol. 11, 171 (1958);
N. Juel-Nielsen and A. Mogensen, cited by E. Stromgren. in Expanding Goals of Genetics in Psychiatry, F. J. Kallmann, Ed. (Grune and Stratton, New York, 1962), p. 231;
J. Shields, Monozygotic Twins Brought Up Apart and Brought Up Together (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1962).
L. F. Jarvik and A. Falek, J. Gerontol. 18 173 (1963).
R. M. Salzberger and L. F. Jarvik, in Family and Mental Health Problems in a Deaf Population, J. D. Rainer et al., Eds. (N.Y. State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 1963).
F. A. Homer, C. W. Streamer, L. L. Alejandrino, L. H. Reed, F. Ibbott, New Engl. J. Med. 266, 79 (1962).
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© 1973 H. J. Eysenck
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Eysenck, H.J. (1973). Genetics and Intelligence: A Review. In: The Measurement of Intelligence. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6129-9_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6129-9_17
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