Abstract
Following the successful development of Bacillus thuringiensis H14(B.t.i)as a larvicide for some mosquitoes and black flies (Lacey 1985), another Bacillus species, Bacillus sphaericus Neide, was developed to complement B. t. i in the control of various mosquito species in diverse habitats (Davidson 1985; Mulla 1985; Singer 1985).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barjac, H. de; Cosmao Dumanoir, V.; Hamon, S.; and Thiery, I. 1987. Safety tests on mice with Bacillus sphaericus serotype II5a5b strain 2362. WHO/VBC/1987.948.
Barjac, H. de; Larget, I.; Cosmao Dumanoir, V.; Benichou, L; and Viviani, G.; Ripouteau, H.; and Papion, S. 1979. Inocuité de Bacillus sphaericus souche 1593 pour les mammifères. WHO/VBC/79.731. Mimeo.
Barjac, H. de; Larget-Thiery, I.; Cosmao Dumanoir, V. C; and Ripouteau, H. 1985. Serological classification of Bacillus sphaericus strains in relation with toxicity to mosquito larvae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: 85–90.
Bates, M. 1949. The natural history of mosquitoes. New York: Harper & Row.
Cheong, W. C, and Yap, H. H. 1985. Bioassays of Bacillus sphaericus (strain 1593) against mosquitoes of public health importance in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth. 16: 54–58.
Davidson, E. W. 1985. Bacillus sphaericus as a microbial control agent for mosquito larvae. In Integrated mosquito control methodologies, ed. M. Laird and J. W. Miles, 2: 213–226. London: Academic Press.
Davidson, E. W.; Sweeney, A. W.; and Cooper, R. 1981. Comparative field trials of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 and B. thuringiensis var. israelensis commercial powder formulations. J. Econ. Entomol. 74: 350–354.
Davidson, E. W.; Urbina, M.; Payne, J.; Mulla, M. S.; Darwazeh, H.; Dulmage, H. T.; and Correa, J. A. 1984. Fate of Bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362 spores used as larvicides in the aquatic environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47: 125–129.
Des Rochers, B., and Garcia, R. 1983. The efficacy of Bacillus sphaericus in controlling mosquitoes. In Proceedings and Papers of the Fifty first Annual Conference of the California Mosquito and Vector Control Association, 35–37.
——— 1984. Evidence for persistence and recycling of Bacillus sphaericus. Mosq. News. 44: 160–165.
Foo, A. E. S. 1986. Laboratory and field evaluations on the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 for the control of Mansonia and other vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), including some comparative studies with Bacillus sphaericus Ph.D. diss., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Foo, A. E. S., and Yap, H. H. 1982. Comparative bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 formulations against four species of mosquitoes in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med Pub. HIth. 13: 206–210.
——— 1983. Field trials on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 against Mansonia mosquitoes in Malaysia. Mosq. News. 43: 306–310.
Gratz, N. R. 1985. The future of vector biology and control in the World Health Organization. J. Amer Mosq. Control Assoc. 1: 273–278.
Hertlein, B. C; Hornby, J.; and Miller, T. W., Jr. 1980. Reduction of the St. Louis encephalitis vector in sewage treatment units with Bacillus sphaericus. TDR/BCV/SWG.80/WP.09. Mimeo.
Hertlein, B. C; Levy, R.; and Miller, T. W., Jr. 1979. Recycling potential and selective retrieval of Bacillus sphaericus from soil in a mosquito habitat. J. Invertbr. Pathol. 33: 217–221.
Hornby, J. A.; Hertlein, B. C; and Miller, T. W, Jr. 1984. Persistent spores and mosquito larvicidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus 1593 in well water and sewage. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 19: 158–165.
Hoti, S. L., and Balaraman, K. 1984. Recycling potential of Bacillus sphaericus in natural mosquito breeding habitats. Indian J. Med. Res. 80 (July): 90–94.
Hougard, J. M. 1985. Field evaluation of various B. sphaericus strains on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in tropical Africa. WHO/BCV/CSP/WP.9. Mimeo.
Hougard, J. M.; Kohoun, G.; Guillet, P.; Doannio, J.; Duval, J.; and Escaffre, H. 1985. Evaluation en milieu naturel de l’activité larvicide de Bacillus sphaericus Neide, 1904 souche 1593-4 dans des gites larvaires à Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 en Afrique de l’Ouest. Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Ent méd et Parasitol. 23(1): 35–44.
Kellen, W. R.; Clark, T. B.; Lindegren, J. E.; Ho, B. C; Rogoff, M. H.; and Singer, S. 1965. Bacillus sphaericus Neide as a pathogen of mosquitoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 7: 442–448.
Kramer, V. 1984. Evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus and B thuringiensis H-14 for mosquito control in rice fields. Indian J. Med. Res 80: 642–648.
Lacey, L. A. 1984. Production and formulation of Bacillus sphaericus. Mosq. News 44: 153–159.
——— 1985. Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. Bull 6: 132–158.
Lacey, L A., and Singer, S. 1982. The larvicidal activity of new isolates of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. Mosq. News 42: 537–543.
Lacey, L. A.; Urbina, M. J.; and Heitzman, C. M. 1984. Sustained release formulations of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for control of container breeding Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosq. News 44: 26–32.
Mulla, M. S. 1985. Field evaluation and efficacy of bacterial agents and their formulations against mosquito larvae. In Integrated mosquito control methodologies, ed. M. Laird and J. W. Miles, 2: 227–250. London: Academic Press.
Mulla, M. S.; Darwazeh, H. A.; Davidson, E. W.; and Dulmage, H. T. 1984a. Efficacy and persistence of the microbial agent Bacillus sphaericus for the control of mosquito larvae in organically enriched habitats. Mosq. News 44: 166–173.
Mulla, M. S.; Darwazeh, H. A.; Davidson, E. W.; Dulmage, H. T.; and Singer, S. 1984b. Larvicidal activity and field efficacy of Bacillus sphaericus strains against mosquito larvae and their safety to nontarget organisms. Mosq. News 44: 336–342.
Mulla, M. S.; Darwazeh, H. A.; Ede, L; Kennedy, B.; and Dulmage, H. T. 1985. Efficacy and field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) and B. sphaericus against floodwater mosquitoes in California. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1: 310–315.
Mulligan, F. S., III; Schaefer, C. H.; and Miura, T. 1978. Laboratory and field evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus as a mosquito control agent. J. Econ Entomol. 71: 774–777.
Mulligan, F. S., III; Schaefer, C. H.; and Wilder, W. H. 1980. Efficacy and persistence of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. J. Econ Entomol. 73: 684–688.
Ramoska, W. A.; Burgess, J.; and Singer, S. 1978. Field application of a bacterial insecticide. Mosq. News 38: 57–60.
Shadduck, J. A.; Singer, S.; and Lause, S. 1980. Lack of mammalian pathogenicity of entomocidal isolates of Bacillus sphaericus. Environ. Entomol. 9: 403–407
Silapanuntakul, S.; Pantuwatana, S.; Bhumiratana, A.; and Charoensiri, K. 1983. The comparative persistence of toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 and Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 against mosquito larvae in different kinds of environments. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 42: 387–392.
Singer, S. 1980. Bacillus sphaericus for the control of mosquitoes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22: 1335–1355.
——— 1985. Bacillus sphaericus (Bacteria). In Biological control of mosquitoes, ed. H. C. Chapman, 123–131. Bulletin no. 6., American Mosquito Control Assoc., Fresno, California. Smith, A. 1982. Chemical methods for the control of vectors of pests of public health importance. WHO/VBC/82.841. Mimeo.
Sutherland, D. J.; Dreyer, R.; Schmidt, R.; Keyes, R.; Ferchak, L; Rupp, H.; Safranek, A.; O’Connell, T.; Hansen, J.; and McPherson, W. 1986. Field evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus as a larvicide in New Jersey, 1985. N. J. Mosq. Control Assoc. Proc. 73: 16–25.
WHO. 1979a. Biological control agent data sheet: Bacillus sphaericus, strain 1593-4. WHO/VBC/BCDS/79.09. Mimeo.
——— 1979b. Data sheet on the biological control agent Bacillus thuringiensis serotype (de Barjac 1978). WHO/VBC/79.750. Mimeo.
——— 1980. Resistance of Vectors of Disease to Pesticide. Fifth Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. WHO Tech. Rept. Ser. 655.
——— 1984. Lymphatic Filariasis. Fourth Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Filariasis. WHO Tech. Rept. Ser. 702.
——— 1985. Informal consultation on the development of Bacillus sphaericus as a microbial larvicide. TDR/BCV/SPHAERICUS/85.3. Mimeo.
Wraight, S. P.; Molloy, D.; and McCoy, P. 1982. A comparison of laboratory and field tests of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against Aedes Stimulans larvae. (Diptera: Culicidae). Can. Ent. 114: 55–61.
Yap, H. H. 1985. Simulated and small scale field trials of Bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) against Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes in Malaysia. WHO/BCV/CSP/WP.16. Mimeo.
——— 1986. Review on control of Brugian filariasis vectors, especially Mansonia species. Proc. WHO Regional Seminar on Brugian Filariasis, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1–5 July 1985, 131–135.
Yap, H. H.; Cutkomp, L. K.; and Buzicky, A. W. 1968. Insecticidal tests against Mansonia perturbans (Walker). Mosq. News 28: 504–506.
Yap, H. H.; Ng, Y. M.; Foo, A. E. S.; and Tan, H. T. 1988. Bioassays of Bacillus sphaericus (strain 1593, 2297 and 2362) against Mansonia and other mosquitoes of public health importance in Malaysia. Malays Appl. Biol. 17: 9–13.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Rutgers University Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yap, HH. (1990). Field Trials of Bacillus sphaericus for Mosquito Control. In: de Barjac, H., Sutherland, D.J. (eds) Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes & Black Flies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5967-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5967-8_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-5969-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5967-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive