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Evolution of salients in a fold- and-thrust belt: the effects of sedimentary basin geometry, strain distribution and critical taper

  • Chapter
Evolution of Geological Structures in Micro- to Macro-scales

Abstract

Fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs) typically show along-strike variations in geometry in the form of salients and recesses. Assuming that critical taper theory broadly defines the evolution of FTBs, it is possible to infer the behaviour of the orogenic wedge in different segments of an FTB by using a symptomatic approach. In this pproach, the time-space distribution of deformation, erosion and synorogenic sedimentation are used to determine the state of the wedge (critical, subcritical or supercritical) at different times during its tectonic evolution. Examination of adjoining segments of the Cretaceous Sevier FTB in Utah shows both similarities and differences in the evolutionary behaviour of the segments. The factors controlling deformation within individual segments (or salients) include original taper of the sedimentary prism, the nature of variation of taper from the miogeocline to the shelf, lithotectonic stratigraphy of the sedimentary package, and deformation conditions (determined mainly by variations in the geothermal gradient). The differences in structural geometry and tectonic evolution between adjoining segments of the FTB result from broad variations in original taper, lithotectonic stratigraphy and the geometry of shelf-miogeocline transition zones in the Cordilleran sedimentary basin. Within each segment, it is ultimately the structural evolution of the highly deformed, internal portion of the belt that appears to control the evolution of the FTB as a whole.

Acknowledgements: During the time of development of the ideas for this paper I benefited from many discussions with Steve Boyer, Jim Coogan, Kurt Constenius, Pete DeCelles, Tim Lawton, Malay Mukul and Aviva Sussman. Prompt and timely reviews of the paper by S. E. Boyer, M. Mukul, A. Sussman and S. Wojtal were very helpful and significantly improved the paper. I thank the editor, S. Sengupta, for her patience during the preparation of this paper. Parts of the research were supported by NSF grants EAR-8916629 to G. Mitra (for work in the ID-WY-UT salient) and EAR-9418688 to G. Mitra (for work in the Sheeprock Mountains of the Provo salient). Acknowledgement is also made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this research (for work in the Canyon Range of the central Utah segment) on ACS-PRF grant#25163-AC2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, USA

    Gautam Mitra

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  1. Gautam Mitra
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  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India

    S. Sengupta

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Mitra, G. (1997). Evolution of salients in a fold- and-thrust belt: the effects of sedimentary basin geometry, strain distribution and critical taper. In: Sengupta, S. (eds) Evolution of Geological Structures in Micro- to Macro-scales. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5870-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5870-1_5

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