Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Biology of Hagfishes pp 3–14Cite as

Relationships of Living and Fossil Hagfishes

  • Chapter

Summary

The fossil record of agnathans now includes representatives of the myxinoids (hagfish) as well as lampreys. The hagfish is from late Pennsylvanian age deposits and part of the taxonomically diverse Mazon Creek biota in northeastern Illinois. The fossil comes from shallow marine sediments. The specimen shows tentacles, parts of the head skeleton and some soft tissues. The fossil differs from living hagfish in the position of gills, feeding apparatus and relatively well developed eyes but is otherwise quite similar to extant hagfish. Fossils of other jawless fishes, both skeletal and soft-bodied forms, are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aldridge, R.J., Briggs, D.E.G., Smith, M.P., Clarkson, E.N.K. and Clark, N.D.L. (1993) The anatomy of conodonts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London Ser B, 340, 405–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arsenault, M. and Janvier, P. (1991) The anaspid-like craniates of the Escuminac formation (Upper Devonian) from Miguasha (Quebec, Canada) with remarks on anaspid-petromyzon-tid relationships, in Early Vertebrates and Related Problems of Evolutionary Biology (eds M-m Chang, Y-h Liu and G-r Zhang), Science Press, Beijing, pp. 19–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird, G., Shabica, C.W., Anderson, J.C. and Richardson, E.S. Jr (1985) Biota of a Pennsylvanian muddy coast. Habitats within the mazonian delta complex, journal of Paleontology, 59(2), 253–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardack, D. (1989) Some comments on the Mazon Creek Biota. Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis, ser. Scientiae Naturales, 22, 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardack, D. (1991) First fossil hagfish (myxinoidea): a record from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Science, 254, 701–703.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bardack, P. and Richardson, E.S. Jr (1977) New agnathous fishes from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Fieldiana Geology, 33(26), 489–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardack, P. and Zangerl, R. (1968) First fossil lamprey: a record from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Science, 162, 1265–1267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bardack, P. and Zangerl, R. (1971) Lampreys in the fossil record, in Biology of Lampreys (eds M.W. Hardisty and I.C. Potter), New York, Academic Press, Vol. 1, pp. 67–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blieck, A. (1992) At the origin of the chordates, Geobios 25, 101–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blieck, A., Elliott, D. and Gagnier, P-Y. (1991) Some questions concerning the phylgenetic relationships of heterostracans, Ordovician and Devonian jawless vertebrates, in Early Vertebrates and Related Problems of Evolutionary Biology (eds M-m Chang, Y-h Liu and G-r Zhang), Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A. and Fänge, R. (eds) (1963) The Biology of Myxine, Universitatsforlaget, Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, D. (1987) A reassessment of Astraspis desiderata, the oldest North American vertebrate. Science, 237, 190–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernholm, B.K. and Holmberg, K. (1974) The eyes in three genera of hagfish (Eptatretus, Paramyxine, and Myxine) a case of degenerative evolution. Vision Research, 15, 253–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forey, P.L. (1984) Yet more reflections on agnatha—gnathostome relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4(3), 330–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forey, P.L. (1995) Agnathans recent and fossil, and the origin of jawed vertebrates. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5, 267–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forey, P.L. and Janvier, P. (1993) Agnathans and the origin of jawed vertebrates. Nature, 361, 129–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forey, P.L. and Janvier, P. (1994) Evolution of the early vertebrates. American Scientist, 82, 554–565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnier, P-Y. (1993) Sacabambaspis janvieri, vertébrés ordovicien de Bolivie. Annales Paléontologie, 79, 119–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnier, P-Y. (1995) Ordovician vertebrates and agnathan phylogeny. Bulletin Museum Histoire Naturelle, Paris, ser. 17, sec. C, 1-37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, M., Miyamoto, M.M. and Czelusniak, J. (1987) Patterns and process in vertebrate phylogeny revealed by coevolution of molecules and morphology, in Molecules and Morphology in Evolution: Conflict or Compromise? (ed. C. Patterson), pp. 141-176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halstead, L.B. (1982) Evolutionary trends and the phylogeny of the agnatha, in Problems of Phylogenetic Reconstruction (eds K.A. Joysey and A. Friday), Systematics Association Special Papers, Academic Press, London, pp. 159–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardisty, M.W. (1979) Biology of the Cyclostomes Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 293–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardisty, M.W. (1982) Lampreys and hagfishes: analysis of cyclostome relationships, in The Biology of Lampreys, Vol. 4b (eds M.W. Hardisty and I.C. Potter), Academic Press, New York, pp. 165–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren, N. (1943) On two embryos of Myxine glutinosa. Acta Zoologica, 27, 1–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janvier, P. (1981) The phylogeny of craniata with particular reference to the significance of fossil ‘agnathans’. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2(4), 121–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janvier, P. (1993) Patterns of diversity in the skull of jawless fishes, in The Skull, Vol. 2 (eds J. Hanken and B.K. Hall), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 131–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janvier, P. (1996a) The dawn of the vertebrates: characters versus common ascent in the rise of current vertebrate phylogenies. Paleontology, 39, 259–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janvier, P. (1996b) Early vertebrates. Oxford Monographs in Geology and Geophysics, 33, 393 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janvier, P. and Lund, R. (1983) Hardestiella montanensis n. gen et sp. (petromyzontida) from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana with remarks on the affinities of the lampreys. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2(4), 407–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lund, R. and Janvier, P. (1986) A second lamprey from the Lower Carboniferous (Namurian) of Bear Gulch, Montana (U.S.A.). Geobios, 19(5), 647–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maisey, J. (1986) Heads and tails: a chordate phylogeny. Cladistics, 2(3), 201–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mallatt, J. (1984) Early vertebrate evolution: pharyngeal structure and the origin of gnathostomes. Journal of the Zoological Society London, 204, 169–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maples, C.G. and Schultze, H-P. (1988) Preliminary comparison of Pennsylvanian assemblage of Hamilton, Kansas with marine and non-marine contemporaneous assemblages, in Regional Geology and Paleoecology of Upper Paleozoic Hamilton Quarry area in Southeastern Kansas (eds G. Mapes and R.H. Mapes), Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook, series 6, pp. 253-273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marinelli, W. and Strenger, A. (1956) Myxine glutinosa (L.). Vergleichende Anatomie und Morphologie der Wirbeltiere, Franz Deuticke, Vienna, Bd II, pp. 81–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumayer, L. (1938) Die Entwicklung des Kopfskelettes von Bdellostoma stoutii. Archivio italiano de anatomia e embriologia, suppl. 40, 1–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, W.K. (1884) On the skeleton of the marsipo-branch fishes. Part 1. The myxinoids (Myxine and Bdellostoma). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, 174, 373–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sansom, I.J., Smith, M.P. and Smith, M.M. (1994) Dentine in conodonts. Nature, 368, 591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer, B. and Thomson, K.S. (1980) Reflections on the agnathan—gnathostome relationship, in Aspects of Vertebrate History (ed. L.I. Jacobs), Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, pp. 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultze, H-P. and Baxdack, D. (1987) Diversity and size changes in palaeonisciform fishes (Actinopterygii, Pisces) from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek fauna, Illinois (U.S.A.). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shabica, C. and Hay, A.A. (eds) (1997) Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil Fauna of Mazon Creek. Northeastern Illinois (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M.P., Sansom, I.J. and Repetski, J.E. (1996) Histology of the first fish. Nature, 380, 702–704.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stensiö, E.A. (1964) Les cyclostome fossiles ou ostracodermes, in Traité de Paléontologie (ed. J. Piveteau), Masson, Paris, pp. 96–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stock, D.W. and Whitt, G.S. (1922) Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA sequences that lampreys and hagfishes form a natural group. Science, 257, 787–789.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S. (1991) Monophyly and interrelationships of the thelodonti, in Early Vertebrates and Related Problems of Evolutionary Biology (eds M-m Chang, Y-h Liu and G-r Zhang), Science Press, Beijing, pp. 87–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, N-z (1991) Two new Silurian galeaspids (jawless craniates) from Zhejiang Province, China, with a discussion of galeaspid—gnathostome relationships, in Early Vertebrates and Related Problems of Evolutionary Biology (eds M-m Chang, Y-h Liu and G-r Zhang), Science Press, Beijing, pp. 41–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M.V.H. and CaldweU, M.W. (1993) New Silurian and Devonian forked tailed ‘thelodonts’ are jawless vertebrates with stomachs and deep bodies. Nature, 361, 442–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yalden, D.W. (1985) Feeding mechanisms as evidence for cyclostome monophyly. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London 84, 291–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, G. (1991) First armoured agnathan vertebrates from the Devonian of Australia, in Early Vertebrates and Related Problems of Evolutionary Biology (eds M-m Chang, Y-h Liu and G-r Zhang), Science Press, Beijing, pp. 67–85.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. David Bardack
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bardack, D. (1998). Relationships of Living and Fossil Hagfishes. In: The Biology of Hagfishes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6465-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5834-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation