Abstract
Measurement of variations in the radial velocities of stars due to the reflex orbital motion of the star around the planetary-system barycenter constitutes a powerful method of searching for substellar or planetary mass companions. After several years of patient data acquisition, radial-velocity searches for planetary systems around other stars are now beginning to bear fruit. In late 1995 and early 1996, three candidate systems were announced with Jovian-mass planets around solar-type stars. The current paradigm for low-mass star formation suggests that planetary systems should be able to form in the circumstellar disks surrounding young stellar objects. These newly discovered systems, and other discoveries which will soon follow them, will test critically our understanding of the processes of star- and planet-formation. We review the techniques used in these radial-velocity searches and their results to date. We then discuss planned improvements in the surveys, and the prospects for the next 20 years.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baranne, A., Mayor, M., and Poncet, J. L: 1979, ‘CORAVEL — A New Tool for Radial Velocity Measurements’, Vistas in Astronomy 23, 279.
Black, D. C. and Scargle, J. D.: 1982, ‘On the Detection of Other Planetary Systems by Astrometric Techniques’, Astrophysical Journal 263, 854.
Boss, A. P.: 1995, ‘Proximity of Jupiter-Like Planets to Low-Mass Stars’, Science 267, 360.
Butler, R. P. and Marcy G. W.: 1996, ‘A Planet Orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris’, Astrophysical Journal, Letters to the Editor 464, L153.
Butler, R. P., Marcy, G. W., Williams, E., McCarthy, C., and Vogt, S. S.: 1996, ‘Attaining Doppler Precision of 3 m/s’, Publications of the ASP, in press.
Campbell, B. and Walker, G. A. H.: 1979, ‘Precision Radial Velocities with an Absorption Cell’, Publications of the ASP 91, 540.
Campbell, B., Walker, G. A. H., and Yang, S. L. S.: 1988,.‘A Search for Substellar Companions to Solar-type Stars’, Astrophysical Journal 331, 902.
Cochran, W. D. and Hatzes, A. P.: 1994a, ‘A High Precision Radial-Velocity Survey for Other Planetary Systems’, Astrophysics and Space Science 212, 281.
Deeming, T. J.: 1975, ‘Fourier Analysis with Unequally-Spaced Data’, Astrophysics and Space Science 36, 137.
Doyle, R. R: 1988, ‘Progress in Determining the Space Orientation of Stars’, in Bioastronomy — The Next Steps, G. Marx Ed. (Kluwer), 101.
Doyle, R. R., Wilcox, T. J., and Lorre, J. J.: 1984, ‘The Space Orientation of Stars’, Astrophysical Journal 287, 307.
Duquennoy, A., Mayor, M., and Halbwachs, J.-L.: 1991, ‘Multiplicity among solar type stars in the solar neighbourhood. I. CORAVEL radial velocity observations of 291 stars’, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series 88, 281.
Duquennoy, A. and Mayor, M.: 1991, ‘Multiplicity among solar type stars in the solar neighbourhood. II. Distribution of the orbital elements in an unbiased sample’, Astronomy and Astrophysics 248, 485.
Fellgett, P. B.: 1953, Optica Acta 2, 9.
Freedman, W. L., Hughes, S. M., Madore, B. F., Mould, J. R, Lee, M. G., Stetson, P., Kennicutt, R. C., Turner, A., Ferrarese, L., Ford, H., Graham, J. A., Hill, R, Hoessel, J. G., Huchra, J, and Illingworth, G. D.: 1994, Astrophysical Journal 427, 628.
Griffin, R. F.: 1967: ‘A Photoelectric Radial-Velocity Spectrometer’, Astrophysical Journal 148, 465.
Griffin, R. and Griffin, R: 1973, ‘On the Possibility of Determining Stellar Radial Velocities to 0.01 km/sec’, Monthly Notices of the RAS 162, 243.
Guillot, T., Burrows, A., Hubbard, W. B., Lunine, J. L, and Saumon, D.: 1996, ‘Giant Planets at Small Orbital Distances’ Astrophysical Journal, Letters to the Editor 459, L35.
Horne, J.H., and Baliunas, S. L.: 1986, ‘A Prescription for Period Analysis of Unevenly Sampled Time Series’, Astrophysical Journal 302, 757.
Kürster, M., Hatzes, A. P., Cochran, W. D., Pulliam, C. E., Dennerl, K., and Döbereiner, S.: 1994, ‘A Radial Velocity Search for Extra-Solar Planets Using an Iodine Gas Absorption Cell at the CAT+CES’, ESO Messenger 76, 51.
Latham, D. W.: 1985, ‘Digital Stellar Speedometry’, in Stellar Radial Velocities, A. G. D. Phillip and D. W. Latham Ed., (L. Davis Press: Schenectady NY USA), 21.
Latham, D. W., Mazeh, T., Stefanik, R. P., Mayor, M., and Burki, G.: 1989, The Unseen Companion of HD114762: A Probable Brown Dwarf, Nature 339, 38.
Lin, D. N. C., Bodenheimer, P., and Richardson, D. C.: 1996, ‘On the origin of the low mass companion to 51 Pegasi’, Nature 380, 606
Marcy, G. W., and Butler, R. P.: 1993, ‘Precision Radial Velocities with an Iodine Absorption Cell’, Publications of the ASP 104, 277.
Marcy, G. W., and Butler, R. P.: 1996, ‘A Planetary Companion to 70 Virginis’, Astrophysical Journal, Letters to the Editor 464, L147.
Mayor, M.: 1985, ‘Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy with CORAVEL’, in Stellar Radial Velocities, A. G. D. Phillip and D. W. Latham Ed., (L. Davis Press: Schenectady NY USA), 35.
Mayor, M., and Queloz, D.: 1995, ‘A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star’, Nature 378, 355.
Mazeh, T., Latham, D. W., and Stefanik, R. W.: 1996, ‘Spectroscopic Orbits for Three Binaries with Low-Mass Companions and the Distribution of Secondary Masses near the Substellar Limit’, Astrophysical Journal, in press.
McMillan, R. S., Moore, T. L., Perry, M. L., and Smith, P. H.: 1994, ‘Long, Accurate Time-Series Measurements of Radial Velocities of Solar-Type Stars’, Astrophysics and Space Science 212, 271.
Murdoch, K. A., Hearnshaw, J. B., and Clark M.: 1993, ‘A Search for Substellar Companions to Southern Solar-Type Stars’, Astrophysical Journal 413, 349.
Pollack, J. B.: 1984, ‘Origin and History of the Outer Planets: Theoretical Models and Observational Constraints’, A R A A 22, 389.
Scargle, J. D.: 1982, ‘Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis. II. Statistical Aspects of Spectral Analysis of Unevenly Spaced Data’, Astrophysical Journal 263, 835.
Stefanik, R. P., Latham, D. W., Scarfe, C. D., Mazeh, T., Davis, R. J., and Torres, G.: 1994, ‘The Unseen Companion of HD140913: Another Brown Dwarf Candidate’, Bulletin of the AAS 26, 931.
Walker, G. A. H., Walker, A. R., Irwin, A. W., Larson, A. P., Yang, S. L. S., and Richardson, D. C: 1995, ‘A Search for Jupiter-Mass Companions to Nearby Stars’, Icarus 116, 359
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cochran, W.D., Hatzes, A.P. (1996). Radial Velocity Searches for Other Planetary Systems: Current Status and Future Prospects . In: Shull, J.M., Thronson, H.A., Stern, S.A. (eds) The Search for Extra-Solar Terrestrial Planets: Techniques and Technology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5808-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5808-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6453-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5808-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive