Abstract
Physiologists have recognized for decades that alterations in muscle activity have the potential to alter cerebral function (1). This relationship is perhaps best defined by the afferentation theory of cerebral arousal. In its simplest form, afferentation theory predicts that agents or maneuvers that produce muscle stretch or contraction, or directly stimulate muscle stretch receptors (i.e., muscle afferents), will produce cerebral stimulation (2,3).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kleitman N: Sleep and Wakefulness. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1963, pp 195–197
Lanier WL, Iaizzo PA, Milde JH: Cerebral function and muscle afferent activity following intravenous succinylcholine in dogs anesthetized with halothane: The effects of pretreatment with a defasciculating dose of pancuronium. Anesthesiology 71:87–95, 1989
Lanier WL, Iaizzo PA, Milde JH, Sharbrough FW: The cerebral and systemic effects of movement in response to a noxious stimulus in lightly anesthetized dogs: Possible modulation of cerebral function by muscle afferents. Anesthesiology 80:392–401, 1994
Guyton AC: Textbook of Medical Physiology, 7th ed., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1986, pp 607–612
Brinling JC, Smith CM: A characterization of the stimulation of mammalian muscle spindles by succinylcholine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 129:56–60, 1960
Hagbarth K-E, Wallin G, Löfstedt L: Muscle spindle activity in man during voluntary fast alternating movements. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 38:625–635, 1975
Hagbarth K-E, Wallin G, Burke D, Löfstedt L: Effects of the Jendrassik manoeuvre on muscle spindle activity in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 38:1143–1153, 1975
Ghosh S, Brinkman C, Porter R: A quantitative study of the distribution of neurons projecting to the precentral motor cortex in the monkey (M. fascicularis). J Comp Neurol 259:424–444, 1987
Wiesendanger M, Miles TS: Ascending pathway of low-threshold muscle afferents to the cerebral cortex and its possible role in motor control. Physiol Rev 62:1234–1270, 1982
Lucier GE, Rüegg DC, Wiesendanger M: Responses of neurones in motor cortex in area 3a to controlled stretches of forelimb muscles in cebus monkeys. J Physiol (Lond) 251:833–853, 1975
Wiesendanger M, Rüegg DG, Lucier GE: Why transcortical reflexes? Can J Neurol Sci 2:295–301, 1975
Wong YC, Kwan HC, Murphy JT: Projection of primary muscle spindle afferents to motorsensory cortex. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 52:349–351, 1974
Lanier WL, Milde JH, Michenfelder JD: Cerebral stimulation following succinylcholine in dogs. Anesthesiology 64:551–559, 1986
Dal Santo G: Kinetics of distribution of radioactive labeled muscle relaxants: III. Investigations with 14C-succinyldicholine an 14C-succinylmonocholine during controlled conditions. Anesthesiology 29:435–443, 1968
Motokizawa F, Fujimori B: Arousal effect of afferent discharges from muscle spindles upon electroencephalograms in cats. Jpn J Physiol 14:344–353, 1964
Marx GF, Andrews IC, Orkin LR: Cerebrospinal fluid pressures during halothane anesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J 9:239–245, 1962
Minton MD, Grosslight K, Stirt JA, Bedford RF: Increases in intracranial pressure from succinylcholine: Prevention by prior nondepolarizing blockade. Anesthesiology 65:165–169, 1986
Stint JA, Grosslight KR, Bedford RF, Vollmer D: “Defasciculation” with metocurine prevents succinylcholine-induced increases in intracranial pressure. Anesthesiology 67:50–53, 1987
Marsh ML, Dunlop BJ, Shapiro HM, et al: Succinylcholine-intracranial pressure effects in neurosurgical patients. Anesth Analg 59:550–551, 1980
Cottrell JE, Hartung J, Giffin JP, Shwiry B: Intracranial and hemodynamic changes after succinylcholine administration in cats. Anesth Analg 62:1006–1009, 1983
Oshima E, Shingu K, Mori K: EEG activity during halothane anaesthesia in man. Br J Anaesth 53:65–72, 1981
Mori K, Iwabuchi K, Fujita M: The effects of depolarizing muscle relaxants on the electroencephalogram and the circulation during halothane anesthesia in man. Br J Anaesth 45:604–610, 1973
Smith CM, Eldred E: Mode of action of succinylcholine on sensory endings of mammalian muscle spindles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 131:237–242, 1961
Granit R, Skoglund S, Thesleff S: Activation of muscle spindles by succinylcholine and decamethonium. The effects of curare. Acta Physiol Scand 28:134–151, 1953
Giaquinto S, Pompeiano O, Swett JE: EEG and behavioral effects of fore-and hindlimb muscular afferent volleys in unrestrained cats. Arch Ital Biol 101:133–148, 1963
Nakai M, Iadecola C, Ruggiero DA, et al: Electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus increases cerebral cortical blood flow without change in local metabolism: Evidence for an intrinsic system in brain for primary vasodilation. Brain Res 260:35–49, 1983
Lanier WL, Iaizzo PA, Milde JH: The effect of intravenous succinylcholine on cerebral function and muscle afferent activity following complete ischemia in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Anesthesiology 73:485–490, 1990
Lanier WL, Albrecht RF II, Iaizzo PA: Divergence of intracranial and central venous pressures in lightly anesthetized, tracheally intubated dogs that move in response to a noxious stimulus. Anesthesiology 84:605–613, 1996
Perlman JM, Goodman S, Kreusser KL, Volpe JJ: Reduction in intraventricular hemorrhage by elimination of fluctuating cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 312:1353–1357, 1985
Hobbs AJ, Bush GH, Downham DY: Peri-operative dreaming and awareness in children. Anaesthesia 43:560–562, 1988
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lanier, W.L. (1997). The Afferentation Theory of Cerebral Arousal. In: Johnson, J.O., Sperry, R.J., Stanley, T.H. (eds) Neuroanesthesia. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5774-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5774-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6437-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5774-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive