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Theories of Contextualists and Neo-Formalists

  • Chapter
The Richness of Contract Law

Part of the book series: Law and Philosophy Library ((LAPS,volume 28))

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Abstract

This chapter begins the discussion of the role of judicial discretion in applying contract law. I focus here on the normative debate over the relative merits of standards and rules in contract law.1 I leave for the next chapter the claim that contract law as a whole contains a “fundamental contradiction”2 that enables judges to decide cases-at their discretion.

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References

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  111. See Chapter 1; Hotchkiss v. Naf’l City Bank of N.Y., 200 F. 287, 293 (S.D.N. Y. 1911) (Learned Hand, J.). “We ask judges or juries to discover that ‘objective viewpoint’-through their own subjective processes.” Zell v. American Seating Co., 138 F. 2d 641, 647 (2d Cir. 1943) (Frank, J.), rev’d, 322 U. S. 709 (1944) (per curiam). See also Charles Fried, Contract As Promise: A Theory of Contractual Obligation 82 (1981).

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  112. Judge Scalia is now Justice Scalia of the United States Supreme Court.

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  113. 727 F.2d 1145 (D.C. Cir. 1984).

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  114. 727 F.2d 1145 (D.C. Cir. 1984). at 1154. The reasoning is similar when the issue is a bank’s right to set NSF fees: “[Discretion had to be exercised within the confines of the reasonable expectations of the depositors.” Best v. U.S. Nat’l Bank of Or., 739 P.2d 554, 558 (Or. 1987).

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  123. Compare the court’s reasoning in Corenswet, Inc. v. Amana Refrigeration, Inc., 594 F.2d 129 (5th Cir. 1979), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 938 (1979) (“for any reason” termination clause means any reason a franchisor deemed sufficient).

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  129. Market St. Assocs. Ltd. Partnership v. Frey, 941 F.2d (7th. Cir. 1991).

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  130. Market St. Assocs. Ltd. Partnership v. Frey, 941 F.2d at 591. The lessee wrote to the lessor-finance company “to ask again that you advise us immediately if you are willing to provide the financing pursuant to the lease.” Id.

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  131. Market St. Assocs. Ltd. Partnership v. Frey, 941 F.2d at 591. The lessee wrote to the lessor-finance company “to ask again that you advise us immediately if you are willing to provide the financing pursuant to the lease.”

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  132. 941 F.2d 588 (7th. Cir. 1991). In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith.

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  133. In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith. at 595-596.

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  134. In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith. at 596.

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  135. In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith.

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  136. In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith. at 595.

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  137. In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith.

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  138. In the actual case, the court reversed a summary judgment in favor of the lessor. Judge Posner, for the court, remanded for a determination of the facts. In dicta, he suggested that, if the facts were as set forth here, he would fmd bad faith. at 597.

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  146. Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development (1982).

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  147. “[T]he feminine perspective views individuals primarily as interconnected members of a community…. [It] is… more other-directed…. The essential difference between the male and female perspectives [is that]…” [t]he basic feminine sense of self is connected to the world, the basic masculine sense of self is separate.’”Suzanna Sherry, Civic Virtue and the Feminine Voice in Constitutional Adjudication, 72 Va. L. Rev. 543,584–85 (1986) (quoting Nancy Chodorow, The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology ofv Gender 169 (1978).

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  151. See also Mary J. Frug, Re-Reading Contracts: A Feminist Analysis of a Contracts Casebook, 34 Am. U. L. Rev. 1065 (1985). Professor Frug was tragically murdered on April 4,1991. Her Impossibility article was in draft form at that time.

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  155. See Chapter 6.

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  211. Theorists published much of their work on unconscionability and good faith in the 1960s and 1970s, about the time when states considered and adopted the Uniform Commeercial Code, which, we have seen, includes both standards.

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Hillman, R.A. (1997). Theories of Contextualists and Neo-Formalists. In: The Richness of Contract Law. Law and Philosophy Library, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5680-6_5

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