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Squid Fundamentals

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SQUID Sensors: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSE,volume 329))

Abstract

DC Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) incorporating two resistively shunted tunnel junctions are routinely fabricated from thin films of lowtransition-temperature (Tc) superconductors. An integrated superconducting input coil couples the SQUID to the signal source. Typical dc SQUIDs operating at 4.2K have a magnetic flux noise of 10-6Ф0 Hz-1/2 corresponding to a noise energy of 10-32 JHz-1 at frequencies f above the 1/f noise knee, which may be below 1Hz (Ф0 = h/2e is the flux quantum). Recently, the performance of thin-film rf SQUIDs, which involve a single junction, has improved significantly, and the sensitivity of a device operated at 3 GHz approaches that of dc SQUIDs. In the last two years, there have been dramatic improvements in the performance of both do and rf SQUIDs made from high-Tc thin films, and noise energies of about 10-30 JHz-1 and magnetic field noise levels below 10fTHz-1/2 at frequencies down to a few Hz have been achieved at 77K. Multilayer thin-film flux transformers are now available. Instruments based on low-Tc SQUIDs include magnetometers, magnetic gradiometers, voltmeters, susceptometers, amplifiers, and displacement sensors; their applications vary from neuromagnetism and magnetotelluric sounding to the detection of gravity waves and magnetic resonance.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of California, USA

    John Clarke

  2. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA

    John Clarke

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  1. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington, DC, USA

    Harold Weinstock

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Clarke, J. (1996). Squid Fundamentals. In: Weinstock, H. (eds) SQUID Sensors: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications. NATO ASI Series, vol 329. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5674-5_1

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