Abstract
The evolution of structural codes during the present century is outlined. The description is centered on the design of buildings and public works of structural concrete and mainly reflects experience in Western Europe. Particular attention is paid to the introduction and generalised use of probabilistic concepts. Although most of the specific considerations refer to structural concrete, the fundamental concepts apply to other materials used in civil engineering : steel, masonry, timber, etc.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
7. References
Mayer, Max: Die Sicherheit der Bauwerke und ihre Brechnung nach Grenzkräflen anstatt nach Zulässigen Spanungen, Vorlag von Julius Springer, Berlin 1926 (English and Spanish translations published by Intemac, Madrid, 1975).
Borges, J. Ferry and Castanheta, M.: Structural Safety, Course 3rd Edition, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon, 1985.
Prot, M.: Note sur la notion de coefficient de sécurité, Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, no27, Paris, 1936.
Wierzbicki, M. W.: La sécurité des constructions comme un problème de probabilité, Annales de L’Academie Polonaise de Sciences Techniques, Tome VII, 1939–45. (Spanish Trans. on Informes de la Construction, no 7, Madrid, Enero de 1949.
Kjellman, W.: Säkerhetsproblement ur principielle och teoretisk synpunkt, Ingeniörs Veteskaps Akademien, Handlinger nr 156, Stockholm, 1940.
Wästlund, G.: Säkerhetsproblement ur praktisk-konstruktiv synpunkt, Ingeniörs Vetenskaps Akademien, Handlinger nr 156, Stockholm, 1940.
Freudenthal, A.M.: The safety of structures, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 71, no 8, October, 1945.
Vasco Costa, F.: Notions de probabilité dans l’étude de la sécurité des constructions, Rapport final du 3ème Congrés de l’ Association Internationale des Ponts et Charpentes, Liège, Septembre, 1948.
Torroja, E et Paez, A.: La determinación del coeficiente de securidad en las distintas obras, Instituto Técnico de la Construcción e del Cemento, 1949.
Pugsley, A.G.: Concepts of safety in structural engineering, Proc. Inst. Civ. Eners., 1951.
Prot, M. et Levi, R.: Conceptions modernes relatives à la sécurité des constructions, Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, Paris, Juin, 1951.
Johnson, A.I.: Strength, safety and economical dimensions of structures, Kungl. Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen for Byggnadsstatik, Meddelanden Nr. 12, Stockholm, 1953.
Borges, J.Ferry: O dimensionamento de estruturas, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Publ. no 54, Lisboa, 1954.
Horne, M.R.: Some results of the theory of probability in the estimation of design of design loads, Proceedings of a Symposium on the Strength of Concrete Structures, London, May, 1956.
Thomas, F.G.: Basic parameters and terminology in the consideration of structural safety, CIB Bulletin no 3, 1964.
Cornell, C:A.: Bounds on the reliability of structural sytems, Proc. of the Amer. Soc. of Civil Engineers, new York, 93 (STI), Feb., 1967.
Borges, J.Ferry and Castanheta, M.: Structural Safety, Course 101, 1st Edition, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon, 1968.
Benjmin, J.R.: Probabilistic models for seismic force design, Proc. of the Amer.Soc. of Civil Engineers, New York, 94 (ST 5) May, 1968.
Ang, A.H. and Amin, M.: Reliability of structures and structural systems, Proc. of the Amer. Soc. of Civil Engineers, New York, (EM2), April, 1968
Bolotin, V.V.: Statistical Methods in Structural Mechanics, Holden-Day series in mathematical physics, Holden-Day Inc., San Francisco, 1969.
Rüsch, H. and Rackwitz, R.: Die Grundlagen der Sicherheitstheorie, VDI — Bericht no 42, Berlin, 1971.
Rosenblueth, E. and Esteva, L.: Reliability Basis for some Mexican Codes — ACI, Publication SP-31, 1972.
Ditlevsen, O.: Structural Reliability and the Invariance Problem, Res. Rep. no 22, Solid Mechanics Division, University of Waterloo, Ontario, 1973.
Hasofer, A.M., and Lind, M.C.: An Exact and Invariant First-Order Reliability Format, Proceedings ASCE, Journal Mech. Eng. Div. Volume 100, 1974.
Veneziano, D.: Contributions of Second Moment Reliability Theory. Res. Rep. R 74-33, Department of Civil Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 1974.
Bosshard, W.: Structural Safety. A. Matter of Decision and Control, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Peiodica, no 2, Zürich, 1979.
Ingles, O.G.: Safety in Civil Engineering — Its Perception and Promotion, INICIV Report no R-188, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, July 1979.
American Society for Civil Engineering; Structural Safety, A Structural Review, 1972.
Mathieu, H.: Manuel Sécurité de Structures, Bulletin d’ Information no 127, Comité Euro-International du Béton, Paris, Décembre 1979, Janvier 1980.
Structural Safety — An International Journal on Integrated Risk Assessment for Constructed Facilities. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
Leporati, E.: The Assessment of Structural Safety: A Comparative Study of Evaluation and Use of Level 3, Level 2 and Level 1. Series in Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. I, Research Studies Press, 1979.
Thoft-Christensen, P. and Baker, M.J.: Structural Reliability Theory and its Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982.
Thoft-Christensen, P. and Murotsu, Y. (Editiors): Application of Structural Systems Reliability Theory, 1st ed., Springerverlag, Berlin, 1986.
Augusti, G., Baratta, A. and Casciati, F.: Probabilistic Methods in Structural Engineering. Chapman and Ltd, 1984.
Joint — Committee on Structural Safety — General Principles on Reliability for Structures Design, Reports, Vol. 35. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, April 1981.
Joint-Committee on Structural Safety — General Principles on Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, April 1981.
Joint-Committe on Structural Safety — General Principles on Reliability for Structures. A Comment on ISO 2394. CEB Bulletin d’ Information no 191, Lausanne, 1988.
The European Safety and Reliability Association, ESRA Newsletter, Vol. 1, no 1, September 1984.
Economic Commission for Europe — Building Regulations in ECE Countries, second report. United Nations, New York, 1985.
Mörsch, E.: Der Eisenbetonbau. Theorie und Anwendung, Erste Auflage, Wayss und Freitag, A.G., Stuttgart, 1902.
Saliger, R.: Der Eisenbetonbau, seine Berechnung und Gestaltung. A. Kröner Verlag, Leipzig 1905.
Bestimmungen für die Ausführung von Konstruktionen aus Eisenbeton bei Hochbauten. Preuss. Minister der Öffentlicher Arbeiten, 1904.
Instructions Relatives à V Emploi du Béton Armé. Circulaire du Ministre des Travaux Publics du 20 Octobre 1906, Paris.
Macgregor, J.G.: A Simple Code — Dream or Possibility? American Concrete Institute, SP 72-9, Detroit.
Harris, J.R. and Wright, R.N.: Organization of Building Standards — Systematic Techniques for Scope and Arrangement. NBS Building Science Series 136, National Bueau of Standards, Washington, 1981.
Mun, M. and Ferry Borges, J.: Analysis of Shear Porvisions in the Drafts of Eurocodes 2 and 8. Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon, April 1988.
Fenves, S.J.: Expert Systems in Civil Engineering State-of-the Art. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Building Construction, Haifa, 1987.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Borges, J.F. (1997). Probability Based Structural Codes: Past and Future. In: Soares, C.G. (eds) Probabilistic Methods for Structural Design. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5614-1_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5614-1_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6366-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5614-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive