Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Biology of Giant Cells

  • Chapter
Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Plant-Nematode Interactions

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant Pathology ((DIPP,volume 10))

Abstract

When endoparasitic root-knot nematodes infect plants, they induce complex feeding sites (giant cells) within the root tissues of their host. Induction and maintenance of giant cells involve physiological changes in the root including enlargement of cells, nuclear division, cell wall ingrowth and subcellular membrane and organelle proliferation. Histological observations strongly indicate that these nematodes in some way regulate specific host genes. Molecular techniques and antibody availability now offer unprecedented opportunities to detect at the cytological level either specific nematode proteins or defense-related host metabolic products. In particular, the overexpression of HMGR in giant cells is reported and the possible function is suggested.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adams, R.J., and Pollard, T.D. (1989) Binding of myosin I to membrane lipids, Nature 340, 565–567.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Altamura, M.M., Capitani F., Serafini-Fracassini, D., Torrigiani, P., and Falasca, G. (1991) Root histogenesis from tobacco thin cell layers, Protoplasma 161, 31–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aristizabal, F., Lumbreras, V., Boronat, A., Bleve-Zacheo, T., Arrò, M., Ferrer, A.,and Fenoll, C. (1995) Sobreexpresion de la enzima HMG-CoA reductasa inducida por nematodes en raices de tobacco y Arabidopsis, III Reunion de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, 21–23 Noviembre, Sevilla.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Atkinson, H.J., Harris, P.D., Halk, E.U., Novititski, C., Leighton-Sands, J. Nolan, P., and Fox, P.C. (1988) Monoclonal antibodies to the soy bean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, Ann. Appl. Biol. 112, 459–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bach, T.J., Motel, A., and Weber, T. (1990) Some properties of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA in plants, Rec. Adv. Phytochem. 24, 1–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bach, T.J. (1995) Some new aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants, in J.C. Kader and P. Mazliak (eds.), Plant Lipid Metabolism, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 321–334.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Bird, A.F. (1967) Changes associated with parasitism in nematodes. I. Morphology and physiology of preparasitic and parasitic larvae of Meloidogyne javanica, J. Parasitol. 53, 768–782.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bird, A.F. (1969) Changes associated with parasitism in nematodes. V. Ultrastructure of the stylet exudation and dorsal esophageal gland contents of female Meloidogyne javanica, J. Parasitol. 55, 337–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bird, A. F. (1979) Histopathology and physiology of syncytia, in F. Lamberti and C. Taylor (eds), Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Systematics, Biology and Control, Academic Press, London, pp. 155–171.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bird, A.F. (1983) Changes in the dimensions of the esophageal glands in root-knot nematodes during the onset of parasitism, Int. J. Parasitol. 13, 343–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bird, A.F., Bonig, I., and Bacic, J. (1989) Factors affecting the adhesion of micro-organism to the surfaces of plant-parasitic nematodes, Parasitology 98, 155–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bird, D.M.K. (1992) Mechanism of the Meloidogyne-host interaction, in F.J. Gommers and P.W.T. Maas (eds), Nematology from Molecule to Ecosystem, Eur. Soc. Nematologists Inc., Dundee, pp. 306–320.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bird, D.M.K., and Wilson, M.A. (1994) Molecular and cellular dissection of giant cell function, in F. Lamberti, D.J. Chitwood and C. De Giorgi (eds), Advances in Molecular Plant Nematology, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 181–195.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Bleve-Zacheo, T., Melillo, M.T. Zacheo, G., and Castagnone-Sereno, P. (1995) Response of resistant 1. tomato to a population of Meloidogyne incognita (AN1), Proc. 22nd Inter. Symp. E.S.N., Ghent, Belgium, 7–12 August 1994, Nematologica 41, 279.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bleve-Zacheo, T., Melillo, M.T., Serna, L., Aristizabal, F., Sans-Alferez, S., Del Campo, F., and Fenoll, C. (1996) Membrane traffic in giant cells induced by Meloidogyne incognita in Arabidopsis, Third Inter. Nematology Congress, July 7–12, Guadalupe.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bleve-Zacheo, T., Melillo, M.T., Zacheo, G., Aristizabal, F., Serna, L. Ferrer, A., Del Campo, F., Boronat, A., and Fenoll, C. (1996) Tubulin and HMGR co-localize in meristems and nematode-induced giant cells in Arabidopsis roots, XI European Congress on Electron Microscopy, August 26–30, Dublin.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bleve-Zacheo, T., Melillo, M.T., Errede, F., Castagnone-Sereno, P., and Palloix, A. (1996) Evaluacion citologica de lineas de pimiento que expresan los genes de resistencia (Mel & Me3) de nematodo formador de nodulos Meloidogyne sp., VIII Congreso Nacional, SEF, 23–27 Septiembre, Cordoba.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bush, D.R. (1993) Proton-coupled sugar and amino acid transporters in plants, Annu.Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44, 513–542.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Campos, N., and Boronat, A. (1995) Targeting and topology in the membrane of plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase, Plant Cell 7, 134–145.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chappell, J. (1995) The biochemistry and molecular biology of isoprenoid metabolism, Plant Physiol. 107, 1–6.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chriqui, D. (1985) Induction de prolifération des cellules prerhizogenes: auxines et polyamines, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. Actual Bot. 132, 127–141.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chitwood, D.J., and Lusby, W.R. (1991) Metabolism of plant sterols by nematodes, Lipids 26, 619–627.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cramer, C.L., Weissenborn, D., Cottingham, C.K., Denbow, C.J., Eisenback, J.D., Radin, D.N., and Yu, X. (1993) Regulation of defense-related gene expression during plant-pathogen interactions, J. Nematol. 25, 507–518.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Davis, E.L., Aron, L.M., Pratt, L.H., and Hussey, R.S. (1992) Novel immunization procedures used to develop monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific structures in Meloidogyne spp., Phytopathology 82, 1244–1250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Davis, E.L., Allen, R., and Hussey, R.S. (1994) Developmental expression of esophageal gland antigens and their detection in stylet secretions of Meloidogyne incognita, Fundam. Appl. Nematol. 17, 255–262.

    Google Scholar 

  26. De Boer, J.M., Smant, G., Goverse, A., Davis, E., Overmans, H., Pomp, H., van Gent-Pelzer, M., Zilverentant, J., Stokkermans, J., Hussey, R., Gommers, F., Bakker, J., and Schots, A. (1996) Secretory granule proteins from the subventral esophageal glands of the potato cyst nematode identified by monoclonal antibodies to a protein fraction from second-stage juveniles, Molec. Plant-Microbe Interac. 9, 39–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Despommier, D.D., Gold, A.M., Buck, S.W., Capo, V., and Silberstein, D. (1990) Trichinella spiralis: secreted antigen of the infective L1 larva localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of infected host cells, Exp. Parasitol. 71, 27–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. DeWitt, N.D., and Sussman, M.R. (1995) Immunocytological localization of an epitope-tagged plasma membrane proton pump (H+ATPase) in phloem companion cells, Plant Cell 7, 2053–2067.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dorhout, R., Kolloffel, C., and Gommers F.J. (1992) Alteration of distribution of regions with high net proton extrusion in tomato roots infected with Meloidogyne incognita, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 40, 153–162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Endo, B.Y. (1975) Pathogenesis of nematode-infected plants, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 13, 218–238.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Endo, B.Y. (1990) Ultrastructure of nematode-plant interactions, in K. Mendgen and D.E. Lesemann (eds), Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 291–305.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Endo, B.Y., and Wergin, W.P. (1973) Ultrastructural investigastions of clover roots during early stages of infection by the root-nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, Protoplasma 78, 365–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Enjuto, M., Balcells, L., Campos, N., Caelles, C., Arrò, M., and Boronat, A. (1994) Arabidopsis thaliana contains two differentially 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase genes, which encode microsomal forms of the enzyme, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 927–931.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Enjuto, M., Lumbreras, V., Marin, C., and Boronat, A. (1995) Expression of the Arabidopsis hmg2 gene, encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase, is restricted to meristematic and floral tissues, The Plant Cell 7, 517–527.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Favali, M.A., Serafini-Fracassini, D., and Sartorato, P. (1984) Ultrastructure and autoradiography of dormant and activated parenchyma of Helianthus tuberosus, Protoplasma 123, 192–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Goldstein, L.S.B. (1993) With apologies to Schererazade: tails of 1001 kinesin motors, Annu. Rev. Genet. 27, 319–351.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gondet, L., Weber, T., Maillot-Vernier, P., Benveniste, P., and Bach, T.J. (1992) Regulatory role of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase a tobacco mutant that overproduces sterols, Bioch. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186, 888–893.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Guida, G., Bleve-Zacheo, T., and Melillo, M.T. (1991) Galls induced by nematodes on tomato roots in vivo and in vitro, Giorn. Bot. Ital. 125, 968–969.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hussey, R.S. (1989) Disease-inducing secretions of plant parasitic nematodes, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 27, 123–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hussey, R.S. (1992) Secretions of esophageal glands in root-nematodes, in F.J. Gommers and P.W.T. Maas (eds), Nematology from Molecule to Ecosystem, Eur. Soc. Nematologists Inc., Dundee, pp. 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hussey, R.S., and Mims, C.W. (1990) Ultrastructure of esophageal glands and their secretory granules in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, Protoplasma 165, 9–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hussey, R.S., Mims, C.W., and Westcott (1992) Immunocytochemical localization of callose in root cortical cells parasitized by the nematode Criconemella xenoplax, Protoplasma 171, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Hussey, R.S., Davis, E.L., and Ray, C. (1994) Meloidogyne stylet secretions, in F. Lamberti, D.J. Chitwood and C. De Giorgi (eds), Advances in Molecular Plant Nematology, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 233–276.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  44. Jasmer, D.P. (1993) Trichinella spiralis infected skeletal muscle cells arrest in G2/M and cease muscle gene expression, J. Cell Biol. 121, 785–793.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Jones J.M.K. (1981) Host cell responses to endoparasitic nematode attack: Structure and function of giant cells and syncytia, Ann. Appl. Biol 97, 353–372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jones, M.G.K., and Payne, H.L. (1978) Early stages of nematode-induced giant-cell formation in roots of Impatiens balsamina, J. Nematol. 10, 70–76.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Joost, O., Bianchini, G., Bell, A.A., Benedict, C.R., and Magill, C.W. (1995) Differential induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in two cotton species following inoculation with Verticillium, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interac. 6, 880–885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Klausner, R.D., Donaldson, J.G., and Lippincot-Schwartz, J. (1992) Brefeldin A: insights into the control of membrane traffic and organelle structure, J. Cell Biol. 116, 1071–1080.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ko, R.C., Fan, L., and Lee D.L. (1992) Experimental reorganization of host muscle cells by excretory/secretory products of infective Trichinella spiralis larvae, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86, 77–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Lamb, C.J. (1994) Plant disease resistance genes in signal perception and transduction, Cell 76, 419–422.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Lee, L., Ko, R.C., Yi, X.Y., and Yueng, M.H.F. (1991) Trichinella spiralis antigenic epitopes from the stichocytes detected in the hypertrophic nuclei and cytoplasm of the parasitized muscle fiber (nurse cell) of the host, Parasitology 102, 117–123.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Maillot-Vernier, P., Gondet, L., Schaller, H., Benveniste, P., and Belliard, G. (1991) Genetic study and further biochemical characterization of a tobacco mutant that overproduces sterols, Mol. Gen. Genet. 231, 33–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. McClure, M.A., and Stynes, B. A. (1988) Lectin binding sites on the amphidial exudates of Meloidogyne, J. Nematol. 20, 321–326.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. McGarvey, D.J., and Croteau, R. (1995) Terpenoid metabolism, Plant Cell 7, 1015–1026.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Niebel, A., Bartheis N., de Almeida-Engler, J., Karimi, M., Vercauteren, I., Van Montagu, M., and Gheysen, G. (1994) Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host plant to study molecular interactions with root-knot and cyst nematodes, in F. Lamberti, D.J. Chitwood and C. De Giorgi (eds), Advances in Molecular Plant Nematology, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 161–169.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  56. Niebel, A., Heungens, K., Bartheis N., Inzè, D., Van Montagu, M., and Gheysen, G. (1995) Characterization of a pathogen induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interac. 8, 371–378.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Opperman, C.H., Taylor, C.G., and Conkling, M.A. (1994) Root-knot nematode-directed expression of a plant root-specific gene, Science 263, 221–223.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Opperman, C.H., Acedo, G., Saravitz, D., Skantar, A., Song, W., Taylor, C., and Conkling, M. (1994) Bioenginering resistance to sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, in F. Lamberti, D.J. Chitwood and C. De Giorgi (eds), Advances in Molecular Plant Nematology, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 221–230

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  59. Orci. L., Brown, M., Goldstein, J., Garcia-Segura, L., and Anderson, R. (1984) Increase in membrane cholesterol: A possible trigger for degradation of HMG-CoA reductase and crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum in Ut-1 cells, Cell 36, 835–845.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Orci, L., Perrelet., A., Ravazzola, M., Wieland, F., Schekman, R., and Rothman, J. (1994) “BFA bodies”: A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11089–11093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Palmgren, M.G., and Christensen, G. (1994) Functional comparison between plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoforms expressed in yeast, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3027–3033.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Perry, R.N. (1994) Studies on nematode sensory perception as a basis for novel control strategies, Fundam. Appl. Nemaiol 17, 199–202.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Prot, J.C. (1980) Migration of plant-parasitic nematodes towards plant roots. Rev. Nematol. 3, 305–318.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ray, C., Abbott, A:G., and Hussey, R.S. (1994) Trans-splicing of a Meloidogyne incognita mRNa encoding a putative esophageal gland protein, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 68, 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Razak, A.R., and Evans, A.A.F. (1976) An intracellular tube associated with feeding by Rotylenchus reniformis on cowpea root, Nematologica 22, 182–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Rebois, R.V. (1980) Ultrastructure of a feeding peg and tube associated with Rotylenchus reniformis in cotton, Nematologica 26, 396–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Rheinhold, L., and Kaplan, A. (1984) Membrane transport into the vacuole of oat roots, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35, 45–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Sasser, J.N. (1980) Root-knot nematodes: a global menace to crop production, Plant Dis. 64, 36–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Satiat-Jeunemaitre, B., Cole, L., Bouret, T., Howard, R., and Hawes, C. (1996) Brefeldin A effects in plant and fungal cells: something new about vesicle traffincking?, J. Microsc. 181, 162–177.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Schroer, T.A., and Sheetz, M.P. (1991) Functions of microtubule-based motors, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 53, 629–652.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Serafmi-Fracassini, D., Bagni, N., and Torrigiani, P. (1980) Nicotiana glauca x Nicotiana langsdorffii tumor hybrid: growth, morphology, polyamines and nucleic acid in vitro, Can. J. Bot. 58, 2285–2293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Serafini-Fracassini, D., Del Duca, S., and Bregoli, A.M. (1995) Comparison between amitotic and mitotic cell cycles, J. Exp. Clinic. Res. 23, 146–148.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Sijmons, P.C. (1993) Plant-nematode interaction, Plant Mol. Biol. 23, 917–931.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Sijmons, P.C., Atkinson, H.J., and Wyss, U. (1994) Parasitic strategies of root nematodes and associated host cell responses, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 32, 235–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Slocum, R.D., and Flores, H.E. (1991) Biochemistry and Physiology of Polyamines in Plants, CRC Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Stewart, G.R., Perry, R.N., and Wright, D.J. (1993) Studies on the amphid specific glycoprotein gp32 in different life.cycle stages of Meloidogyne species, Parasitology 107, 573–578.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Van der Eycken, W., de Almeida-Engler, J., Gheysen, G., and Van Montagu, M. (1995) Molecular study of the compatible interaction: Meloidogyne incognita-tomato. Proc. 22nd Int. Symp. E.S.N., Ghent, Belgium, 7–12 August 1994, Nematologica 41, 350.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Van der Eycken, W., de Almeida-Engler, J., Inzè, D., Van Montagu, M., and Gheysen, G. (1996) A molecular study of root-knot nematode-induced feeding sites, Plant J. 9, 45–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Weissenborn, D.L., Zhang, X., Eissenback, J.D-Radin, D.N., and Cramer, C.L. (1994) Induction of the tomato hmg2 gene in response to endoparasitic nematodes, Proc. 4th Int. Cong. of Plant Mol. Biol., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 19–24, p. 1744.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Wiggers, R.J., Starr, J.C., and Price, H.J. (1990) DNA content and variation in chromosome number in plant cells affected by the parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria, Phytopathology 80, 1391–1395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Wright, R., Basson, M., D’Ari, L., and Rine, J. (1988) Increased amounts of HMG-CoA reductase induce “karmellae”: a proliferation of stacked membrane pairs surrounding the yeast nucleus, J. Cell Biol. 107, 101–114.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Wyss, U., and Zunke, U. (1986) Observation on the behaviour of second stage juveniles of Heterodera schachtii inside host roots, Rev. Nematol. 9, 153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Wyss, U:, Grundler, F.M.W., and Much, A. (1992) The parasitic behaviour of 2nd-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Nematologica 38, 98–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Yamamoto, Y.T., Taylor, C.G., Acedo, G:N., Cheng, C.I., and Conkling, M.A. (1991) Characterization of cis-acting sequences regulating root-specific gene expression in tobacco, The Plant Cell 3, 371–382.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Zuckermann, B.M., and Jansson, H.B. (1984) Nematode Chemotaxis and mechanism of host/prey recognition, Annu. Rev. Phytophatol. 22, 95–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Nematologia Agraria, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Teresa Bleve-Zacheo & Maria T. Melillo

Authors
  1. Teresa Bleve-Zacheo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria T. Melillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biologia, University of Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    C. Fenoll

  2. Institut für Phytopathologie, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    F. M. W. Grundler

  3. MOGEN International nv, Leiden, The Netherlands

    S. A. Ohl

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bleve-Zacheo, T., Melillo, M.T. (1997). The Biology of Giant Cells. In: Fenoll, C., Grundler, F.M.W., Ohl, S.A. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Plant-Nematode Interactions. Developments in Plant Pathology, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5596-0_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5596-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6360-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5596-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation