Abstract
In prokaryotic organisms (eg. bacteria such as E.Coli), genes are switched on and off in response to environmental signals, such as the availability, or otherwise, of nutrients. E.coli has only a single RNA polymerase that is directed towards particular genes by association with ancilliary proteins, called sigma factors, which confer upon it the ability to recognise DNA sequences in the promotors of these genes. By changing the availability of these factors and of other regulators in response to environmental cues, bacteria are able to maintain an appropriate pattern of gene expression. In recent years it has been shown that eukaryotic organisms also use ancilliary, DNA-binding proteins, generally called Transcription Factors, to regulate transcription of specific genes. However, it has also become clear that the transcription of eukaryotic genes always requires complex assemblies of several different proteins in addition to RNA polymerase. Protein-protein as well as protein-DNA interactions are of crucial importance in transcription.
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Turner, B.M. (1997). Histone Acetylation. In: Nicolini, C. (eds) Genome Structure and Function. NATO ASI Series, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5550-2_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5550-2_8
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