Abstract
Among the phenylurea herbicides, chlorotoluron (N’-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)N,N-dimethylurea) is one of the most widely used in winter wheat, due to its selectivity (Ryan et al., 1981). This herbicide controls a range of broad-leaf weeds, and is also effective against slender foxtail (Alopecurus myosuroides) and wild oat (Avena fatua) (Ryan and Owen, 1982). The parent compound undergoes rapid metabolism in plants by oxidative Ndemethylation and hydroxylation of the 4-methyl phenyl group, forming a number of derivatives with modified phytotoxicity (Ryan et al., 1981). Chlorotoluron resistance has been commonly correlated to the presence of a detoxifying capability associated with Cyt P-450 monooxygenases. This superfamily encodes several enzyme isoforms which are involved in a number of biosynthetic pathways in plants, including those leading to phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, lignins and hydroxylated fatty acids. The relationship between plant Cyt P-450 and detoxification processes has been established for several crops and herbicides (Mouguin et al., 1990; Fonne-Pfister et al., 1990), this metabolic capability being the basis for the selectivity of chlorotoluron vs. weeds. However, the continuous use of chlorotoluron in monoculture systems has led to the appearance of several chlorotoluronresistant biotypes of various weeds, including Alopecurus myosuroides (Niemans and Pestemer, 1984; Moss and Cussans, 1985; De Prado et al., 1991) and Lolium rigidum (Burnet et al., 1993).
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Menendez, J., Jorrin, J., De Prado, R. (1997). Metabolism of Chlorotoluron in Resistant and Susceptible Alopecurus Myosuroides. Biotypes. a Study Using Plant Cell Suspensions. In: De Prado, R., Jorrín, J., García-Torres, L. (eds) Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5538-0_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5538-0_18
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