Abstract
The care of critically ill patients often requires the use of many sophisticated techniques, including mechanical ventilation, invasive cardiac monitoring, continuous renal replacement, and a variety of pharmacotherapies. Virtually every patient admitted to the ICU will be treated with some drug, whether the patient is suffering from multi-organ failure or from a solitary lobar pneumonia. Throughout the hospital, there is no other location which presents such challenges to the physician, and proper dosing is important not only for treatment of the underlying disease process, but also to prevent drug toxicity in an unstable patient.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gibaldi M, Prescott L (eds). Handbook of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Balgowlah, Australia: Adis Health Science Press, 1983.
Gibaldi M. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 4th Ed. New York: Lea & Febiger, 1991.
Gibaldi M, Perrier D. Pharmacokinetics. 2nd Ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1982.
Peck C. Bedside Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Rockville, Maryland: Pharmacometrics Press, 1985.
Flessner MF, Dedrick R. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis. Gokal R, Nolph KD (eds). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, 769–90.
Hebbard GS, Sun WM, Bochner F, Horowitz M. Pharmacokinetic considerations in gastrointestinal motor disorders. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28: 41–66.
Wagner JG. Biopharmaceutics and Relavent Pharmacokinetics. Hamilton, Ill.: Drug Intelligence Publications, 1971, 215.
Berner B, John VA. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of transdermal delivery systems. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 26: 121–34.
Guy RH, Maibach HL. Drug delivery to local subcutaneous structures following topical administration. J Pharm Sci 1983; 72: 1375.
Schwartz ML. Antiarrhythmic effectiveness of intramuscular lidocaine: influence of different injection sites. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1974; 14: 77.
Bennett WM, Aronoff GR, Golper TA, Morrison G, Brater DC, Singer I. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 1994.
Chernow B. Critical Care Pharmacology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1995.
Holford NHG. A standard size for pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996; 30: 329–332.
Morgan DJ, Bray KM. Lean body mass as a predictor of drug dosage. Implications for drug therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 26: 292–307.
James WPT. Research on obesity. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, 1976.
Devine BJ. Gentamicin therapy. Drug Intelligence and Clin Pharm 1974; 8: 650–5.
Gibaldi M, Levy G, McNamara PJ. Effect of plasma protein and tissue binding on the biologic half-life of drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978; 24: 1–4.
Routledge PA. The plasma protein binding of basic drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmac 1986; 22: 499–506.
Piafsky KM, Borga O. Plasma protein binding of basic drugs. II. Importance of a1-acid glycoprotein for inter-individual variation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977; 22: 545–9.
Wallace SM, Riegelman S. Untake of acetazolamide by human erytrocytes in vitro. J Pharm Sci 1977; 66: 729–31.
Kurata D, Wilkinson GR. Erythrocyte uptake and plasma binding of diphenylhydantoin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 16: 355–62.
Faed EM. Protein binding of drugs in plasma, interstitial fluid and tissues: effects on pharmacokinetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 21: 77–81.
Cockroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16: 31–41.
Rollins DE, Klaasen CD. Biliary excretion of drugs in man. Clin Pharmacokin 1979; 4: 368–79.
Wiseman EH, Nelson E. Correlation of in vivo metabolism rate and physical properties of sulfonamides. J Am Pharm Assoc (Sci Ed) 1958; 47: 300.
Krishna DR, Klotz U. Extrahepatic metabolism of drugs in humans. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 26: 144–60.
Bourget P, Roulot C, Fernandez H. Models for placental transfer studies of drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28: 161–80.
Ward RM. Pharmacological treatment of the fetus. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 28: 343–50.
Crooks J, O’Malley K, Stevenson IH. Pharmacokinetics in the elderly. Clin Pharmacokinet 1976; 1: 280–96.
Hayton WL, Stoeckel K. Age-associated changes in ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1986; 11: 76–86.
Woodhouse KW, Wynne HA. Age-related changes in liver size and hepatic blood flow: the influence on drug metabolism in the elderly. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988; 15: 287–94.
Gibson TP. Renal disease and drug metabolism: an overview. Am J Kidney Dis 1986; 8: 7–17.
Terao N, Shen DD. Reduced extraction of 1-propranolol by perfused rat liver in the presence of uremic blood. J Pharm Exper Ther 1985; 233: 277–84.
Mac-Kay MV, Burson JS, Martinez-Lanao J, Dominguez-Gil A. Drug dosage in end-stage renal disease (ESRD): patients undergoing haemodialysis. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993; 25: 243–57.
Janknegt R, Nube MJ. A simple method for predicting drug clearances during CAPD. Perit Dial Bull 1985; 5: 254–5.
Reetze-Bonorden P, Bohler J, Keller E. Drug dosage in patients during continuous renal replacement therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993; 24: 362–79.
Bressolle F, Kinowski J-M, Emmanuel de la Coussaye J, Wynn N, Eledjam J-J, Galtier M. Clinical pharmacokinetics during continuous haemofiltration. 1994; 26: 457–71.
Paton TW, Cornish WR, Manuel MA, Hardy BG. Drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 1985; 10: 404–26.
Hirszel P, Lameire N, Bogaert M. Pharmacologic alterations of peritoneal transport rates and pharmacokinetics of the peritoneum. The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis. Gokal R, Nolph KD (eds). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, 161–232.
Golper TA. Drug removal during continuous hemofiltration or hemodialysis. In: Sieberth et al. (eds). Continuous hemofiltration. Contrib Nephrol 1991; 93: 110–6.
Morgan DJ, McLean AJ. Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in patients with liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 29: 370–91.
Shammas FV, Dickstein K. Clinical pharmacokinetics in heart failure. Clin Pharmacokin 1988; 15: 94–113.
Prescott LF, Adjepon-Yamoah KK, Talbot RG. Impaired lidocaine metabolism in patients with myocardial infarction and cardiac failure. Br Med J 1976; 1: 939–47.
Jaehde U, Sorgel F. Clinical pharmacokinetics in patients with burns. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 29: 15–28.
Gex-Fabry M, Balant LP. Considerations on data analysis using computer methods and currently available software for personal computers. chap 18 In: Welling PG, Balant LP (eds). Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994, 507–27.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Flessner, M.F. (1998). Basic elements of applied pharmacology in the intensive care unit. In: Critical Care Nephrology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5482-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5482-6_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6306-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5482-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive