Skip to main content

Sputtering and Desorption from Icy Surfaces

  • Chapter
Solar System Ices

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 227))

Abstract

The data from the Pioneer and Voyager missions, the improvements in ground-based observations, and the recent Hubble Space Telescope observations have revolutionized our understanding of the outer solar system. Quite remarkably, a new area of physics has evolved based on the exploration of the outer solar system, the study of the sputtering of surfaces composed of low- temperature condensed gases. Sputtering of such materials is of interest because most of the small, icy objects in the outer solar system are exposed to a plasma (the solar plasma, a planetary magnetospheric plasma, or a local pick-up ion plasma) and the plasma bombardment leads to the efficient ejection of material from such surfaces (e.g. Johnson 1990, 1996)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, H.H., Bay, H.L. (1981) Sputtering yield measurements. Behrisch R (ed) Sputtering by particle bombardment Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp.145–218.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Nun, A. Herman, A.G., Rappaport, M.L., Yu Meckler (1985) Ejection of H2O, O2,H2 and H from water ice by 0.5–6 keV H+ and Ne+ ion bombardment. Surf. Sci., 150, pp. 143–156.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaji, V., David, D.E., Tian, R., Michl, J., Urbassek, H.M. (1995) Nuclear sputtering of condensed diatonic molecules, J. Phys. Chem., 99, pp. 15565–15572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benit, J. and Brown, W.L. (1990) Sputtering of isotropically labelled H2O, Nucl. Instrum. Method B46, pp. 448–454.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Benit, J. Bibring, J.P., Rocard, F. (1988) Chemical irradiation effects in ices, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B32, pp. 349–353.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Benit, J., Bibring, J.P., Della-Negra, S., Le Beyec, Y., Mendenhall, M., Rocard, F., Standing, K. (1987) Erosion of ices by ion irradiation, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B19/20, pp. 838–842.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betz, G. and Wehner, G.K. (1983) Sputtering by Particle Bombardment II. (ed. R. Berisch), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 11–90.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Boring, J.W., Johnson, R.E., Reimann, C.T., Garrett, J.W., Brown, W.L., Marcantonio, K.J. (1983), Ion-induced chemistry in condensed gas solids. Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 218, pp. 707–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boring, J.W., Garrett, J.W., Cummings. T.A., Johnson, R.E., Brown, W.L. (1984a) Sputtering of solid SO2,Nucl. Instrum. Methods, Bl, pp. 321–326.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boring, J.W., Garrett, J.W., Cummings, T.A., Johnson, R.E. Brown, W.L. (1984b) Ion-induced molecular ejection from D2O ice, Surf. Sci. 147, pp. 227–240.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boring, J.W., Nansheng, Z., Chrisey, D.B., O’Shaughnessy, D.J., Phipps, J.A., Johnson, R.E. (1985) The production and sputtering of S2 by keV ion bombardment. Lagerkvist, C.I., Lindblad, B.A., Lundstedt, H., Rickman, H. (eds) Asteroids, comets and meteors II. Univ. Press Uppsala, pp. 229–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M.E. and Hill, R.E. (1996) Discovery of an extended Na cloud around Europa, Nature, 380, pp. 229–231.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Lanzerotti, L.J., Poate, J.M., Augustyniak, W.M. (1978) Sputtering of ice by MeV light ions. Phys. Rev. Lett, 40, pp. 1027–1030.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Augustyniak, W.M., Brody, E., Cooper, B., Lanzerotti, L.J., Ramirez, A. Evatt, E., Johnson, R.E. (1980a) Energy dependence of the erosion of H2O ice films by H and He ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 170, pp. 321–325.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Augustyniak, W.M., Lanzerotti, L.J., Johnson, R.E., Evatt, R. (1980b) Linear and non-linear processes in the erosion of H2O ice by fast light ions, Phys. Rev. Lett, 45, pp. 1632–1635.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Augustyniak, W.M., Simmons, E., Marcantonio, K.J., Lanzerotti, L.J., Johnson, R.E., Boring, J.W., Reimann, C.T., Foti, G., Pirronello, V. (1982) Erosion and molecular formation in condensed gas films by electronic energy loss of fast ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 198, pp. 1–8.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Augustynaik, W.M., Marcantonio, K.J., Simmons, E.H., Boring, J.W., Johnson, R.E., Reimann, C.T. (1984) Electronic sputtering of low temperature molecular solids, Nucl. Instrum Methods Bl, pp. 307–314.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Lanzerotti, L.J., Marcantonio, K.J., Johnson, R.E., Reimann, C.T. (1986) Sputtering of ices by high energy particle impact, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B14, pp. 392–402.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W.L., Foti, G., Lanzerotti, L.J., Bower, J.E., Johnson, R.E. (1987) Delayed emission of hydrogen from ion bombardment of solid methane, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B19/20 pp. 899–902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calcagno, L., Oostra, D.J., Pedrys, R., Haring, A., de Vries, A.E. (1986) Erosion of methane induced by electron bombardment, Nucl. Instrum Methods B17, pp. 22–24.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvin, W.M. Clark, R.M., Brown, R. A., (1995) Spectra of the icy Galilean satellites from 0.2 to 0.51/4m: a compilation, new observations, and a recent summary, J. Geophys. Res., 100, pp. 19041–19048.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvin, W.M., Johnson, R.E., Spencer, J.R. (1996) O2 on Ganymede: Spectral characteristics and plasma formation mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 673–676.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, A.F., Lanzerotti, L.J. (1978) Ice sputtering by radiation belt protons and the rings of Saturn and Uranus, J. Geophys. Res., 83, pp. 2597–2602.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, A.F., Johnson, R.E. (1989) Effects of magnetosphere interactions on origin and evolution of atmospheres. Atreya S.K., Pollack, J.B. (eds) Origin and evolution of atmospheres. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 682–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, A.F., Lanzerotti, L.J., Pironnello, V. (1982) Charged particle sputtering of ice surfaces in Saturn’s magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res.,87, pp. 4567–4570.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, A.F., Haff, P.K., Johnson, R.E., Lanzerotti, L.J. (1986) Interactions of magnetospheres with icy satellite surfaces. Burns, J.A., Matthews, M.S. (eds) Satellites. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 403–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey, D.B., Boring, J.W., Phipps, J.A., Johnson, R.E. (1986a) Sputtering of molecular gas solids by keV ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B13, pp. 360–364.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey, D.B., Boring, J.W., Phipps, J.A., Johnson, R.E. (1986b) Sputtering of sulfur by keV ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B13, pp. 360–364.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey, D.B., Johnson, R.E., Phipps, J.A., McGrath, M.A., Boring, J.W. (1987) Sputtering of sulfur by kiloelectron volt ions: Application to the magnetospheric plasma interaction with Io, Icarus, 70, pp. 111–123.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey, D.B., Johnson, R.E., Boring, J.W., Phipps, J.H. (1988) The ejection of sodium from sodium sulfide on the surface of Io, Icarus, 75, pp. 233–244.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey, D.B., Brown, W.L., Boring, J.W. (1989) Electronic excitation of condensed CO: sputtering and chemical change, Surf. sci., 225, pp. 130–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisey, D.B., Brown, W.L., Boring, J.W. (1990) Electronic sputtering of condensed CO: sputtering and chemical change, Surf. sci., 225, pp. 130–142.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, J.W., Capini, D.D., Tsong, I.S.T. (1986) Sputtering of ices by keV ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B15, pp. 218–221.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.N., Brown A.H., Owensby, P.D., Fanale, F.D. (1984) Saturn’s satellites: Nearinfrared spectrometry (0.65-2.5/im) of the leading and trailing sides and compositional information, Icarus, 5, pp. 265–281.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, B.E., Johnson, R.E. (1996) Interplanetary weathering: Surfaces erosion in outer space, EOS Trans., AGU 77, pp. 141–145.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, B., Tombrello, T.A. (1989) Sputtering of water ice by MeV ions, Radiat. Eff., 80, pp. 203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, D.E. and Michl, J. (1989) Sputtering of condensed gases by nuclear stopping: chemical aspects, Prog. Solid St. Chem., 19, p. 283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dello Russo, N., Khanna, R.K., and Moore, M.H. (1993) Identification and yield of carbonic acid and formaldehyde in irradiated ices, J. Geophys. Res., 98, pp. 5505–5510.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A.J. (1983) Physics of the Jovian Magnetosphere. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge, R., Bailer, T., Tenner, M.G., de Vries, A.E., and Snowden, K.J. (1986) Internal energy distribution of sputtered sulfur molecules, Nucl. Instrum. and Method B17 p. 213.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, A.E., Haring, R.A., Haring, A., Klein, F.S., Kummel, A.C., Saris, F.W. (1984a) Synthesis and sputtering of newly formed molecules by kiloelectron volt ions, J. Phys. Chem., 88, pp. 4510–4512.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, A.E., Pedrys, R., Haring, R.A., Haring, A., Saris, F.W. (1984b) Emission of large hydrocarbons from CH4 by proton irradiation, Nature (Lond) 311 p. 40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eichhorn, K. and Grün, E. (1993) High-velocity impacts of dust particles in low-temperature water ice. Planet. Space sci., 41, pp. 429–433.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellegaard, O., Schou, J. Sivensen, H., Birgesen, P., (1986) Electronic sputtering of solid nitrogen and oxygen by keV electrons, Surf. sci., 147, pp. 474–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellegaard, O., Schou, J., Sφrensen, H. Pedrys, R., Worcyak, B. (1993). Sputtering of solid nitrogen by keV helium ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B78, pp. 192–197.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellegaard, O., Schou, J. Stenum, B., Sφrensen, H., Pedrys, R., Warczak, B., Oostra, D.J., Haring, A., deVries, A.E. (1994) Sputtering of solid nitrogen and oxygen by keV hydrogen ions, Surf. sci., 302, pp. 371–377.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, J., Kopniczky, T., Brinkmaln, G. Papaleo, R., Demerev, P., Reimann, C.T., Hakansson, P., Sundqvist, B.U.R. (1995) Heavy ion-induced sputtering and cratering of biological surfaces, Nucl. lustrum Methods, B101, pp. 142–147.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Eviatar, A. and Richardson, J.D. (1992) Thermal plasma in the inner kronian magneto-sphere, Ann. Geophys., 10, pp. 511–519.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Foti, G., Calcagno, L., Zhu, F.Z. Strazzulla, G. (1987). Chemical evolution of solid methane by keV ion bombardment, Nucl. Instrum Methods, B24/25, pp. 522–525.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, K., Brown, W.L., and Johnson, R.E. (1989) Electronic sputtering of condensed O2, Phys. Rev. B38, pp. 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gittus, J. (1978) Irradiation Effects in Crystalline Solids. Applied Science, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haff, P.K., Eviatar, A., Siscoe, G. (1983) Ring and plasma: The enigmae of Enceladus, Icarus, 56, pp. 426–438.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D.T., Strobel, D.F., Feldman, P.D., McGrath, M.A., Weaver, H.A. (1995) Detection of an oxygen atmosphere on Jupiter’s moon Europa, Nature, 373, pp. 677–679.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D.T., Feldman, P.D., Holberg, J.B. McGrath, M.A. (1996). Fluorescent hydroxyl emissions from Saturn’s ring atmosphere, Science, 272, pp. 516–518.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haring, R.A., Haring, A., Klein, F.W., Kummel, A.C., de Vries, A.E. (1983) Reaction sputtering of simple condensed gases by keV heavy ion bombardment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 211, pp. 529–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haring, R.A., Kolfschaten, A.W., de Vries, A.E. (1984a) Chemical sputtering by keV ions, Nucl Instrum. Methods B2, pp. 544–549.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haring, R.A., Pedrys, R., Oostra, D.J., Haring, A., de Vries, A.E. (1984b) Reactive sputtering of simple condensed gases by keV ions II: Mass spectra, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B5, pp. 476–482.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haring, R.A., Pedrys, R., Oostra, D.J., Haring, A., de Vries, A.E. (1984c) Reactive sputtering of simple condensed gases by keV ions III: kinetic energy distributions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B5, pp. 483–488.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Heide, H.G. (1984) Observations on ice layers, Ultramicroscopy, 14 pp. 271–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudel, E., Steinacker, E., Feulner, P. (1992) Kinetic energy distribution of particles desorbed from solid N2,O2 and NO by electron impact, Surf. sci., 273, pp. 405–410.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ip, W.-H. (1996) Europa’s Oxygen Exosphere and its Magnetic Interaction Icarus, 120, pp. 317–325.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ip, W-H. (1997) On neutral cloud distributions in the Saturnian magnetosphere, Icarus, 126, pp. 42–57.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. (1985a) Polar Frost on Ganymede, Icarus, 62, pp. 344–347.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. (1985b) Comment on the evolution of interplanetary grains. Ices in the Solar System éd. J. Klinger et al., D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 334–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. (1989a) Electronic sputtering: angular and charge-state dependence of the yield via superposition, J. de Physique Colloque, C2, pp. 251–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. (1989b) Sputtering of a planetary regolith, Icarus, 78, pp. 206–210.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. (1990) Energetic Charged Particle Collision with Atmospheres and Surfaces. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. (1996) Sputtering of ices in the outer solar system, Rev. Mod. Phys., 68, pp. 305–312.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and Baragiola, R.A. (1991) Lunar surface: sputtering and secondary mass spectrometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., pp. 2169–2172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and Sittler, E.C (1990) Sputter Produced Plasma as a measure of satellite surface composition: The Cassini Mission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, p. 1629.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and Brown, W.L. (1982) Electronic Mechanisms for sputtering of condensed gas solids by energetic ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 198, pp. 103–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and Schou, J. (1993) Sputtering of inorganic insulators, Fundamental Processes in the Sputtering of Atoms and Molecules (SPUT 92) (ed. P. Sigmund) The Roy. Dan. Acad., Copenhagen, pp. 403–494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and Liu, M. (1996) Molecular dynamics studies of mini cascades in electronically-stimulated sputtering of condensed-gas solids, J. Chem. Phys., 104, pp. 6041–6051.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and W.A. Jesser (1997) Micro-atmospheres of O2 and O3 on Ganymede, Astrophys. J. Letters, 480, pp. L79–L82.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and T.I. Quickenden (1997) Radiolysis and Photolysis of low-temperature ice, J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp. 10985–10996.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. and Sundqvist, B.U.R. (1992) Electronic sputtering: from atomic physics to continuum mechanics, Phys. Today March, pp. 28–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Lanzerotti, L.J. and Brown, W.L., (1982) Planetary applications of ion-induced erosion of condensed-gas frosts, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 198, pp. 147–158.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Boring, J.W., Reimann, C.T., Barton, L.A., Sieveka, E.M., Garrett, J.W., Farmer, K.R., Brown, W.L. and Lanzerotti, L.J. (1983a). Plasma ion-induced molecular ejection on the Galilean satellites: energies of ejected molecules, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, pp. 892–895.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L. Augustyniak, W.M. and Mussil, C. (1983b). Charged particle erosion of frozen volatiles in ice grains and comets, Astron. Astrophys., 123, pp. 343–346.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Garrett, J.W., Boring, J.W., Barton, L.A. and Brown, W.L. (1984) Erosion and modification of SO2 ice by ion bombardment of the surface of Io, J. Geophys. Res. Suppl, 89, pp. B711–B715.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E. Barton, LA. Boring, J.W., Jesser, W.A., Brown, W.L. and Lanzerotti, L.J. (1985) Charged particle modification of ices in the Jovian and Saturnian systems. Klinger, J. et al. (eds) Ices in the Solar System. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 301–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Nelson, M., McCord, T. and Gradie, J. (1988) Analysis of Voyager images of Europa: plasma bombardment, Icarus, 75, pp. 423–436.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Sundqvist, B.U.R., Hedin, A. and Fenyö, D. (1989a) Sputtering by fast ions based on a sum of impulses, Phys. Rev. B40, pp. 49–53.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Pospieszalska, M., Sieveka, E.M., Cheng, A.F., Lanzerotti, L.J. and Sittler, E.C. (1989b) The neutral cloud and heavy ion inner Torus at Saturn, Icarus, 77, pp. 311–329.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Pospieszalska, M. and Brown, W.L. (1991a) Linear to quadratic transition in electronic sputtering of N2 and O2, Phys. Rev. B 44, pp. 7263–7272

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Pirronello, V., Sundqvist, B. and Donn, B. (1991b) Desorption of large molecules from grains in dense interstellar clouds, Astrophys. J., 379, pp. L75–L77.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.E., Grosjean, D.E. and Baragiola, R.A. (1993). Sputtering still the dominant source of atmosphere on Dione? EOS Trans., AGU 74, pp. 569–573.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurac, S. and Johnson, R.E. (1997) Sputtering of Saturn’s E-ring, J. Geophys. Res., Submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, G.A., Orlando, T.M., Vezina, C. and Sanche, L. (1994) Low energy electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen, /. Chem. Phys., 101, pp. 3282–3286.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, G.A. and Orlando, T.M. (1995) Low-energy (5-120 eV) electron-stimulated dissociation of amorphous D2O ice: O(2S), 03P2,1,0) and O(1D2) yields and velocity distributions, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, pp. 2606–2609.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lane, A.L., Nelson, R.M. and Matson, D.L. (1981) Evidence for sulfur implantation in Europa’s UV absorption band, Nature, 292, pp. 38–39.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L., Poate, J.M. and Augustyniak, W.M. (1978) On the contribution of water products from Galilean satellites to the Jovian magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett, 5, pp. 155–158.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L., Augustyniak, W.M., Johnson, R.E. and Armstrong, T.P (1982) Laboratory studies of charged particle erosion of SO2 ice and applications to the frosts of Io, Astrophys. J., 259, pp. 920–929.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L.J., Maclennon, C.G., Brown, W.L., Johnson, R.E., Barton, L.A., Reimann, C.T., Garrett, J.W. and Boring, J.W. (1983) Implications of Voyager data for energetic ion erosion of the icy satellites of Saturn, /. Geophys. Res., 88, pp. 8765–8770; (1984) Erratum 89, p. 9157.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L., Marcantonio, K.J. and Johnson, R.E. (1984) Production of ammonia depleted surface layers on Saturnian satellites by ion sputtering, Nature, 312, pp. 139–140.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L. and Johnson, R.E. (1985) Laboratory studies of ion irradiation of water, sulfur dioxide, and methane ices. Klinger, J et al. (eds) Ices in the Solar System, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 317–333.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L. and Marcantonio, K.J. (1987) Experimental study of erosion of methane ice by energetic ions and some consideration for astrophysics, Astro-phys. J., 313, pp. 910–919.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepoire, D.J., Cooper, B.H., Melcher, C.L. and Tombrello, T.A., (1983) Sputtering of SO2 by high energy ions, Rad. Effects, 71, pp. 245–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matich, A.J., Bakker, M.G., Lennon, D., Quickenden, T.I. and Freeman, C.G. (1993) O2 luminescence from UV-excited H2O and D2O ices, J. Phys. Chem., 97, pp. 10539–10553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuura, T. (1992) Handbook of Hot Atom Chemistry. Kodansha Ser. Ltd, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, M.A., Johnson, R.E. and Lanzerotti, L.J. (1986) Sputtering of sodium on the planet Mercury, Nature (Lond), 22, pp. 694–696.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Melcher, C.L., LePoire, D.J., Cooper, B.H. and Tombrello, T.A. (1982) Erosion of frozen sulfur dioxide by ion bombardment: application to Io, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, pp. 1151–1154.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendillo, M. and Baumgardner, J. (1995) Constraints on the origin of the Moon’s atmosphere from observations during a lunar eclispe, Nature, 377, pp. 404–406.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Morfill, F., Haunes, O. and Goertz, C.K. (1993) Origin and Maintenance of the oxygen in Saturn’s magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, pp. 11285–11297.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M.H. (1984) Studies of proton-irradiated SO2 at low temperatures: Implications for Io, Icarus, 59, pp. 114–128.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M.H. and Tanabe, T. (1990) Mass spectra of sputtered polyoxymethylene: its implications for comets, Ap. J. Lett., 365, pp. L39–L42.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M.H. and Khanna, R.K. (1990) The infrared and mass spectra of proton irradiated H2O and CO2 ices: identification of carbonic acid, Spec. Chem. Acta., 479, pp. 255–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M.H. and Hudson, R.L. (1992) Far-infrared spectral studies of phase changes in water ice induced by proton irradiation, Astrophys. J., 401, pp. 353–360.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukai, T., Blum, J., Nakamura, A.M., Johnson, R.E. and Havnes, O. (1997) Physical Processes. In physical Process for Interplanetary Dust. Ed. E. Griiin et al. in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R.M., Lane, A.L. Matson, D.L., Veeder, G.J., Buratti, B.J., and Tedesou, E.E. (1987) Spectral geometric albedos of the Galilean satellites from 0.24 to 0.35 micrometers: observations with IUE, Icarus, 72, pp. 358–382.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, K.S., Weaver, H.A. and Gonnella, A.M. (1995) The albedo spectrum of Europa from 2200A to 3000A, J. Geophys. Res., 100, pp. 19,057–19,062.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, K.S., Johnson, R.E., Lane, A.L., Dominque, D.L. and Weaver, H.A. (1996) Detection of ozone on Ganymede, Science, 273, pp. 341–343.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, K.S., Roush, T.L., Cruikshank, D.P., Johnson, R.E. and Pendleton, Y.J. (1997) Detection of ozone on Saturn’s satellites Rhea and Dione, Nature, 388, pp. 45–47.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ollerhead, R.W., Bφttiger, J., Davies, J.A., L’Ecuyer, J., Haugen, H.K. and Matsunami, N. (1980) Evidence for thermal spike in the erosion of frozen Xenon, Rad. Eff., 49, pp. 203–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R., Haring, R.A., Haring, A and de Vries, A.E. (1984) Erosion of frozen SF6 electron bombardment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B2, p. 573.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R, Oostra, D.J. and de Vries, A.E., (1985) in Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions, DIET II, eds. Breig, W., and Menzel, D., Springer, Berlin, p. 190.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R., Oostra, D.J., Haring, R.A., Calcagno, L., Haring, A. and de Vries, A.E. (1986) Emission of large molecules from methane by ion bombardment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B17, pp. 15–21.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R., Oostra, D.J., Haring, A. DeVries, A.E., Schou, J. (1989) Energy spectra for sputtering of N2 and O2 by keV electrons, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 109, pp. 239–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R., Oostra, D.J., Haring, A., de Vries, A.E., Schou, J. (1989) Energy distribution for electronic sputtering of solid nitrogen, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 109, pp. 239–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R., Warczak, B., Schou, J. and Ellegaard, O., (1995a) to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedrys, R., Warczak, B., Haring, A. de Vries, A.E. and Schou, J. (1995b) Energy and mass distribution from electron-sputtered solid oxygen and nitrogen, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirronello, V., Brown, W.L., Lanzerotti, L.J., Marcantonio, K.J. and Simmons, E. (1982) Formaldehyde formation in a H2O/CO2 ice mixture under irradiation by fast ions, Astrophys. J., 262, pp. 636–640.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirronello, V., Strazzulla, G., Foti, G., Brown, W.L. and Lanzerotti, L.J. (1984) Formaldehyde formation in cometary nuclei, Astron. Astro., 134, pp. 204–206.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pospieszalska, M.K. and Johnson, R.E. (1991) Micrometeorite erosion of the main rings as a source of plasma in the inner Saturnian plasma torus, Icarus, 93, pp. 45–52.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Reimann, C.T. (1993), Fundamental Processes in Sputtering of Atoms and Molecules (SPUT 92). ed. P. Sigmund, Roy. Dan. Soc, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimann, C.T., Boring, J.W., Johnson, R.E., Garrett, J.W., Farmer, K.R. and Brown, W.L. (1984) Ion-induced molecular ejection from D2O ice, Surf. sci., 147, pp. 227–240.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J.D. and Sittler, E.C. (1990). A plasma density model for Saturn based on Voyager observations, J. Geophys. Res., 95, pp. 12019–12031.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocard, F., Benit, J., Bibring, J.P., Ledu, D. and Meunier, R., (1986) Erosion of ices: Physical and astrophysical discussion, Rad. Effects, 99, pp. 97–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roessler, K. (1992) Non-equilibrium chemistry in space, Nucl. Instrum. Method B65, pp. 55–66.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rook, F.L., Johnson, R.E. and Brown, W.L. (1985) Electronic sputtering of solid N2 and O2: A comparison of non-radiative relaxation processes, Surf. Set., 164, pp. 625–639.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J. (1983) Sputtering by Particle Bombardment II. (ed. R. Behrisch) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 91–146.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sack, N. and Baragiola, R.A. (1993) Sublimation of vapor-deposited water ice below 170K and its dependence on growth conditions, Phys. Rev. B48, pp. 9973–9978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sack, N., Johnson, R.E., Boring, J.W. and Baragiola, R.A. (1992) The Effect of Mag-netospheric ion bombardment on the reflectance of Europa’s surface, Icarus, 100, pp. 534–540.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherzer, R.M.U. (1983) Sputtering by Particle Bombardment II. (ed. R. Behrisch) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 271–358.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schreier, R., Eviatar, A., Vasyliunas, V.M. and Richardson, J.D. (1993) Modeling Europa’s plasma torus, J. Geophys. Res., 98, pp. 21231–21243.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schriver, K.E., Hahn, M.Y. and Wetten, R.L. (1987) Excition fusion in molecular clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, pp. 1906–1909.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schou, J., Sφrensen, H. and Bφrgesen, P. (1984) The measurement of electronic-induced erosion of condensed gases: experimental methods, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B5, pp. 44–57.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schou, J., Ellegaard, O., Bírgesen, P. and Sírensen, H. (1985) Electronic sputtering of CO. Brenning, W., Menzel, D. (eds) Desorption induced by electronic transitions DIET II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 170–173.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schwentner, S.C., Schriver, R.M. and Chergui, M. (1991) Cage effect in the photo-dissociation of H2O in Xe matrices, J. Chem. Phys., 95, pp. 6124–6132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiberling, L.E., Meins, C.K., Cooper, B.M., Griffith, J.E., Mendenhal, M.H. and Tombrello, T.A. (1982) The sputtering of insulating materials by fast heavy ions, Nucl. Instrum Methods, 198, pp. 17–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shemansky, D.E. and Hall, D.T. (1992) The Distribution of Atomic hydrogen in the magnetosphere of Saturn, J. Geophys. Res., 97, pp. 4143–4161.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shemansky, D.E., Matheson, P., Hall, D.T., Hu, H.-Y. and Tripp, T.M., (1993) Detection of the hydroxy radical in the Saturn’s magnetosphere, Nature, 363, pp. 329–331.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, H., Cloutier, P. and Sanche, L. (1995) Low energy electron stimulated desorption of metastable particles from condensed N2 and CO, Phys. Rev. B52, pp. 5385–5391.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, M. (1996) The sputtering of low temperature solids. Ph.d Thesis University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, M., Baragiola, R.A., Grosjean, D.E., Johnson, R.E., Jurac, S. and Schou, J. (1995a) Sputtering of Water Ice and The Production of Extended Neutral Atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 100, pp. 26387–26395.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, M., Grosjean, D.E., Schou, J. and Baragiola, R.A. (1995b) Particle Emission Induced by Ionization Tracks in Water Ice, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B96, pp. 524–529.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sieveka, E.M. and Johnson, R.E. (1982) Thermal and Plasma-induced Molecular Redistribution on the Icy Satellites, Icarus, 51, pp. 528–548.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sieveka, E.M. and Johnson, R.E. (1985) Non-isotropic coronal atmosphere on Io, J. Geophys. Res., 90, pp. 5327–5331; Erratum 91, p. 4608.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigmund, P. (1981) Sputtering by ion bombardment: Theoretical concepts in Sputtering by Particle Bombardment I. ed. Behrisch, R., Springer, Berlin, pp. 9–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigmund, P. and Lam, (1993) Alloy and isotope sputtering. Fundamental Processes in Sputtering of Atoms and Molecules (SPUT 92). (ed. P. Sigmund), The Roy. Dan. Acad., Copenhagen, pp. 255–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, J.R., Calvin, W.M. and Person, M.J. (1995) CCD Spectra of the Galilean satellites: molecular oxygen on Ganymede, J. Geophys. Res., 100, pp. 19049–19056.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenum, B., Schou, J. Sφrensen, H., and Güntler, P. (1989) Erosion and luminescence from pure and impure solid deuterium, Rad. Eff. Def. Solids, 109, pp. 235–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stenum, B., Ellegaard, O., Schou, J. and Sφrensen, H. (1990) Thickness dependence of the sputtering yield from solid deuterium by light keV ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B48, pp. 530–533.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenum, B., Schou, J., Ellegaard, O., Sφrensen, H. and Pedrys, R. (1991) Sputtering of solid hydrogen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, pp. 2824–2827.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Strazzulla, G., Torrisi, L., Coffa, S. and Foti, G. (1987) Sputtering of sulfur: experiments and consequences for Io, Icarus, 70, pp. 379–382.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Strazzulla, G., Torrisi, L. and Foti, G. (1988) Light scattering from ion irradiation of frozen gases, Europhys. Lett., 7, pp. 431–434.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Strazzulla, G., Baratta, G.A., Leto, G. and Foti, G. (1992) Europhys. Lett, 18, p. 517.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Thestrup, B., Svendsen, W., Schou, J. and Ellegaard, O. (1994) Sputtering of Thick deuterium films by keV electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, pp. 1444–1447.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tombrello, T.A. (1995). Cluster-solid interactions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B99 pp. 225–228.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Torrisi, L., Cofa, S., Foti, G. and Strazzulla, G. (1986) Sulfur erosion by 1.0 MeV heliumions, Radiat. Eff., 100, pp. 61–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torrisi, L., Coffa, S., Foti, G., Johnson, R.E., Chrisey, D.B. and Boring, J.W. (1988) Threshold dependence in the electronic sputtering of condensed sulfur, Phys. Rev. B38, pp. 1516–1519.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tryka, K.A., Brown, R.H. and Johnson, R.E. (1997) Stability of CO2+ NH3 on the Uranian satellites, submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westley, M.A. (1994) Optical Studies of Amorphous Ice. Master’s Thesis in Engineering Physics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. 22903

    Google Scholar 

  • Westley, M.A., Baragiola, R.A., Johnson, R.E. and Baratta, G.A. (1995a) Photondesorption from low-temperature water ice in interstellar and circumsolar grains, Nature, 373, pp. 405–407.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Westley, M.A., Baragiola, R.A., Johnson, R.E. and Baratta, G.A. (1995b) Ultraviolet photodesorption from water ice, Planet. Space sci., 43, pp. 1311–1315.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Johnson, R.E. (1998). Sputtering and Desorption from Icy Surfaces. In: Schmitt, B., De Bergh, C., Festou, M. (eds) Solar System Ices. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 227. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5252-5_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5252-5_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6209-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5252-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics