Abstract
Alternaria brassicicola, the cause of black leaf spot of Brassica spp., produces a host-specific toxin named AB-toxin during spore germination at the infection site on host plants. Unlike other Alternaria host-specific toxins which are low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites, AB-toxin is a protein and estimated to be 35 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB-toxin was not detected in the culture filtrates of the pathogen. When the spores (5×105 – 106 spores/ml) suspended in water were dropped on host leaves, non-host leaves and plastic plates, the spores germinated only on host leaves and released AB-toxin in the spore germination fluid. Spores suspended in Czapek-Dox and PDB solutions germinated on plastic plates, but only trace of AB-toxin was detected. These results indicate that AB-toxin production by A. brassicicola is induced by host-related factors during early stages of host-parasite interactions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bains, P.S. and Tewari, J.P. (1987) ‘Purification, chemical characterization and host-specificity of the toxin produced by Alternaria brassicae’, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 30, 259–271.
Ballance, G.M., Lamari, L. and Bernier, C.C. (1989) ‘Purification and characterization of a host-selective necrosis toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-rep ends’, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 35, 203–213.
Ciuffetti, L.M., Tuori, R.P. and Gaventa, J.M. (1997) ‘A single gene encodes a selective toxin causal to the development of tan spot of wheat’, The Plant Cell, 9, 135–144.
Kohmoto, K., Otani, H. and Tsuge, T. (1995) ‘Alternaria alternata pathogens’, in K. Kohmoto, U.S. Shin and R.P. Shin (eds.), Pathogenesis and Host Specificity in Plant Diseases: Histological, Biochemical, Genetic and Molecular Bases, Vol.11: Eukaryotes, Oxford, Pergamon, pp.51–63.
Kohnobe, A., Otani, H., Kodama, M. and Kohmoto, K. (1995) ‘High-molecular-weight host-specific toxin (AB-toxin) produced by Alternaria brassicicola’, Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 61, 618 (Abstract in Japanese).
Kohnobe, A., Otani, H., Kodama, M. and Kohmoto, K. (1996) ‘Induction of host-specific toxin in germinating spores of Alternaria brassicicola on the host plants’, Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 62, 287–288 (Abstract in Japanese).
MacDonard, M.V. and Ingram, D.S. (1986) ‘Towards the selection in vitro for resistance to Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wits., in Brassica napus SSP. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk., winter oilseed rape’, New Phytologist, 104, 621–629.
Nishimura, S. and Kohmoto, K. (1983) ‘Roles of toxins in pathogenesis’, in J.M. Daly and B.J. Deverall (eds.), Toxins and Plant Pathogenesis, Sydney, Academic Press, pp.137–157.
Otani, H., Kodama, M. and Kohmoto, K. (1996) ‘Physiological and molecular aspects of Alternaria host-specific toxin and plant interactions’, in D. Mills, H. Kunoh, N.T. Keen and S. Mayama (eds.), Molecular Aspects of Pathogenicity and Resistance: Requirement for Signal Transduction, St. Paul, APS Press, pp.257–267.
Otani, H., Kohmoto, K. and Kodama, M. (1995) ‘Alternaria toxins and their effects on host plants’, Canadian Journal of Botany, 73(Suppl.l), S453–S458.
Pringle, R.B. and Scheffer R.P. (1964) ‘Host-specific toxins’, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2, 133–156.
Scheffer, R.P. and Livingstone, R.S. (1984) ‘Host-selective toxins and their role in plant disease’, Science, 233, 17–21.
Tamura, S., Kuyama, S., Kodaira, Y. and Higashikawa, S. (1964) ‘The structure of Destruxin B, a toxic metabolite of Oospora destructor’, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 28, 137–138.
Tomas, A., Feng, G.H., Reeck, G.R., Bockus, W.W. and Leach, J.E. (1990) ‘Purification of a cultivar-specific toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot of wheat’, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 3, 221–224.
Tuori, R.P., Wolpert, T.J. and Ciuffetti, L.M. (1995) ‘Purification and immunological characterization of toxic components from cultures of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis’, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 8, 41–48.
Yoder, O.C. (1980) ‘Toxins in pathogenesis’, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 18, 103–129.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Otani, H., Kohnobe, A., Kodama, M., Kohmoto, K. (1998). Involvement of Host Factors in the Production of a Protein Host-Specific Toxin Produced by Alternaria Brassicicola . In: Kohmoto, K., Yoder, O.C. (eds) Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease. Developments in Plant Pathology, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6197-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5218-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive