Abstract
We cloned three structural genes PKS1, SCD1 and THR1 encoding for major melanin biosynthetic enzymes and one regulatory gene CMR1 of Colletotrichum lagenarium. Among them, SCD1 and THR1 proteins were purified by heterologous expression system using E. coli and polyclonal antibodies against those proteins were prepared. Melanization of appressoria is developmentally regulated system; conidia, germ tubes and infection hyphae were not melanized during morphogenesis from conidia. The wild type strain 104-T of C. lagenarium shows temperature sensitivity for appressorium formation. Temporal transcriptional and translational patterns of melanin biosynthetic genes in appressorium-differentiating and non-differentiating conidia indicated that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations were involved in the expression of melanin biosynthetic genes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beck, J., Ripka, S., Siegner, A., Schiltz, E., and Schweizer, E. (1990) The multifunctional 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase gene of Penicillium patulum: its gene structure relative to that of other polyketide synthases’ Eur. J. Biochem. 192, 487–498.
Emmett, R. W., and Parbery, D. G. (1997) ‘Appressoria’ Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 13, 147–167.
Howard, R. J., and Ferrari, M. A. (1989) ‘Role of melanin in appressorium function’ Exp. Mycol. 13, 403–418.
Kenmochi, Y. (1997) ‘Construction of genomic library and cloning of CMR1 gene involved in regulation of melanin biosynthesis of Colletotrichum lagenarium.’ (in Japanese) Bachelor Thesis, Kyoto Prefectural University.
Kimura N, and Tsuge, T. (1993) ‘Gene cluster involved in melanin biosynthesis of the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata’ J. Bacteriol. 175,4427–4435.
Kubo, Y., Suzuki, K., Furusawa, I., and M. Yamamoto (1984) ‘Regulation of melanin biosynthesis during appressorium formation in Colletotrichum lagenarium’ Exp. Mycol. 8, 364–369.
Kubo, Y., and Furusawa, I. (1991) ‘Melanin biosynthesis:Prerequisite for successful invasion of the plant host by appressoria of Colletotrichum and Pyricularia.’ G. T. Cole and H. C. Hoch(eds.), The Fungal Spore and Disease Initiation in Plants and Animals. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 205–218.
Kubo, Y., Takano, Y., Endo, N., Yasuda, N., Tajima, S., and Furusawa, I. (1996) ‘Cloning and structural analysis of the melanin biosynthesis gene SCD1 encoding scytalone dehydratase in Colletotrichum lagenarium’ Appl. Environment. Microbiol. 62, 4340–4344.
Mayorga, M. E, and Timberlake, W. E. (1992) ‘The developmentally regulated Aspergillus nidulans wA gene encodes a polypeptide homologous to polyketide and fatty acid synthases’ Mol. Gen. Genet. 235, 205–212.
Perpetua, Noel S., Kubo, Y., Takano, Y., and Furusawa, I. (1996) ‘Cloning and characterization of a melanin biosynthetic THR1 reductase gene essential for appressorial penetration of Colletotrichum lagenarium’ Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9,323–329.
Schjerling, P., and Holmberg, S. (1996) ‘Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the C6 zinc cluster family of transcriptional regulators’ Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 4599–4607.
Skory, C. D., Chang, P. K., Cary, J., and Linz, J. E. (1992) ‘Isolation and characterization of a gene from Aspergillus parasiticus associated with the conversion of versicolorin A to sterigmtocystin in aflatoxin biosynthesis.’ Appl. Environment. Microbiol. 58, 3527–3537.
Takano, Y., Kubo, Y., Shimizu, K., Mise, K., Okuno, T., and Furusawa, I. (1995) ‘Structural analysis of PKS1, a polyketide synthase gene involved in melanin biosynthesis in Colletotrichum lagenarium’ Mol. Gen.Genet. 249,162–167.
Takano, Y., Kubo, Y., Kuroda, I., and Furusawa, I. (1997) ‘The temporal transcriptional pattern of three melanin biosynthesis genes PKS1, SCD1 and THR1 in appressorium-differentiating and non-differentiating conidia of Colletotrichum lagenariuni’ Appl. Environment. Microbiol. 63,351–354.
Tsuji, G. (1997) ‘Molecular biological analysis of melanin biosynthetic enzymes of Colletotrichum lagenarium using recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli’ Master Thesis, Kyoto Prefectoral University.
Tsuji, G., Takeda, T., Furusawa, I., Horino, O., and Kubo, Y. (1997) ‘Carpropamid, an anti-rice blast fungicide, inhibits scytalone dehydratase activity and appressorial penetration in Colletotrichum lagenarium. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. (In press)
Vidal-Cros, A., Viviani, F., Labesse, G., Bocara, M., and Gaudry, M. (1994) ‘Polyhydroxynapthalene reductase involved in melanin biosynthesis in Magnaporthe grisea’ Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 985–992
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kubo, Y. et al. (1998). Expression and Regulation of Melanin Biosynthetic Genes during Appressorium Formation of Colletotrichum Lagenarium . In: Kohmoto, K., Yoder, O.C. (eds) Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease. Developments in Plant Pathology, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6197-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5218-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive