Abstract
The pelagic ecosystem of the open part of the Black Sea is analyzed from the point of view of its sustainability. The peculiarities of plankton community in the temperate region result in regular seasonal oscillations of high range, the biomass values varying 5–10 times during the year. In the coastal regions of the Black Sea the values of primary production, chlorophyll concentration, phyto- and zooplankton biomasses change according to typical pattern of seasonal variations of temperate and subtropical areas: spring bloom of phytoplankton is followed by its decrease due to both depletion of nutrients and grazing by herbivorous zooplankton in summer. At the same time in the open regions the bloom of phytoplankton occurs during winter, because in the cyclonic gyres main pycnicline rises into euphotic zone (so-called “Black-Sea upwelling”). Besides regular seasonal variations, long term interannual variations also take place. The evident example of such kind of changes is the pattern of fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass, that oscillates inversely to average air temperature in winter. Another example is the development of newcomer ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in late 1980s, resulting in sharp decrease of zooplankton biomass. During previous decade mass development of jelly-fish Aurelia aurita took place. Taxonomic composition of phyto- and zooplankton also changes in response to influence outside.
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Vinogradov, M.E., Nezlin, N.P., Mikaelyan, A.S. (1998). Ecosystems Sustainability of Open Black Sea Regions. In: Kotlyakov, V., Uppenbrink, M., Metreveli, V. (eds) Conservation of the Biological Diversity as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development in the Black Sea Region. NATO ASI Series, vol 46. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5114-6_12
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