Abstract
A statistical thermodynamic analysis of the atomic force microscope (AFM) is presented and applied to a single-atom tip moving quasistatically over a rigid substrate immersed in water. The RISM integral equation technique is used to compute the normal force (load) F z on the tip as a function of its height above the substrate. F z is found to be oscillatory, which implies that multiple scanning trajectories of the tip are possible under constant load. The unique trajectory along which the system is thermodynamically stable is revealed. This study shows that the tip may undergo hopping motion even over a defect-free substrate, due to layering of water molecules between the tip and substrate.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. Ohnesorge and G. Binnig, Science 260, 1451 (1993).
S. J. O’Shea, M. E. Welland and T. Rayment, Appl. Phys. Lett, 60, 2356 (1992).
J. P. Cleveland, T. E. Schäffer and P. K. Hansma, Phys. Rev. B. 52, R8692 (1995).
C. Bustamante and D. Keller, Physics Today 48, 32 (1995).
J. Yang, L.K. Tamm, A.P. Somlyo, and Z. Shao, J. Microsc. 171, 183 (1993).
Y.L. Lyubchenko, P.I. Oden, D. Lampner, S.M. Lindsay, and K.A. Dunker, Nucl. Acids Res. 21, 1117 (1993).
U. Landman, W. D. Luedtke, N. A. Burnham and R. J. Colton, Science 248, 454 (1990).
L. D. Gelb and R. M. Lynden-Bell, Chem. Phys. Lett. 211, 328 (1993).
Forces in Scanning Probe Methods, NATO ASI E286, edited by H.-J. Güntherodt, D. Anselmetti, and E. Meyer (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1995).
B. Bhushan, J.N. Israelachvili, and U. Landman, Nature 374, 607 (1995).
W. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 335 (1981);
B. M. Pettitt and P.J. Rossky, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 1451 (1982).
K. Koga, H. Tanaka, and X.C. Zeng, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 16711 (1996).
S. W. Chen and P.J. Rossky, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 6078 (1993);
M. Matsumoto, H. Tanaka, and K. Nakanishi, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6935 (1993).
D. Chandler and H. C. Andersen, J. Chem. Phys. 57, 1930 (1972).
F. Hirata, B. M. Pettitt, and P. J. Rossky, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 509 (1982).
S. J. Singer and D. Chandler, Mol. Phys. 55, 621 (1985).
F. Hirata and R. M. Levy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 136, 267 (1987);
K. S. Schweizer and J. G. Curro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 246 (1987).
K. Koga and X.C. Zeng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 853 (1997).
R.G. Horn and J.N. Israelachvili, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1400 (1981).
D. J. Diestler, E. Rajasekaren, and X. C. Zeng, J. Phys. Chem. 101, 4992 (1997).
The loads (~ 10-11N) used here are comparable to typical load per atom in laboratory AFM experiments.
Similar behavior has also been found in computer simulation of liquids between two parallel solid surfaces, where the surface may take hopping motion normal to the surface due to the drainage or imbibition transition of the confined liquids. See M. Schoen, D.J. Diestler and J.H. Cushman, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 7707 (1994).
H. Dai, J.H. Hafner, A.G. Rinzler, D.T. Colbert, and R.E. Smalley, Nature 384, 147 (1996);
D.J. Keller, Nature 384, 111 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Koga, K., Zeng, X.C., Diestler, D.J. (1998). Statistical Thermodynamic Treatment of the AFM Tip in Liquid. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Tribology Issues and Opportunities in MEMS. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5050-7_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5050-7_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6121-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5050-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive