Abstract
Lymphocytic hypophysitis is one of a number of different disorders affecting the pituitary gland to which has been ascribed a possible autoimmune pathogenesis. The condition was first recognized in an autopsy specimen by Goudie and Pinkerton in 1962 [1]. It soon became considered to be an autoimmune disorder, partly on account of its frequent association with other classical autoimmune disorders associated with organ specific antibodies [2], particularly thyroiditis. With over 80 cases now described it is clear that the inflammatory process is typically confined to the adenohypophysitis, more accurately termed lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, and the condition occurs mostly, but not exclusively, in the peripartum period.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Goudie RB, Pinkerton PH. Anterior hypophysitis and Hashimoto’s disease in a young woman. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1962;83:584–585.
Patel MC, Guneratne N, Haq N, West TET, Weetman AP, Clayton RN. Peripartum hypopituitarism and lymphocytic hypophysitis. Q J Med. 1995;88:571–580.
Anonymous. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25. New Engl J Med. 1995;333:441–447.
Imura H, Nakao K, Shimatsu A et al. Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis as a cause of central diabetes insipidus. New Engl J Med. 1993;329:683–689.
Cosman F, Post KD, Holub DA, Wardlaw SL. Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Report of three new cases and review of the literature. Medicine. 1989;68:240–256.
Quencer RM. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: autoimmune disorder of the pituitary gland. Am J Neuroradiol. 1980;1:343–345.
Guay AT, Agnello V, Tronic BC, Gresham DG, Freidberg SR. Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;64:631–634.
Jenkins PJ, Chew SL, Lowe DG et al. Lymphocytic hypophysitis: unusual features of a rare condition. Clin Endocrinol. 1995;42:529–534.
Bevan JS, Othman S, Lazarus JH, Parkes AB, Hall R. Reversible adrenocorticotropin deficiency due to probable autoimmune hypophysitis in a woman with postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:548–552.
Gal R, Schwartz A, Gukovsky-Oren S, Peleg D, Goldman J, Kessler E. Lymphoid hypophysitis associated with sudden maternal death: report of a case and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1986;41:619–621.
Scheithauer BW, Sano T, Kovacs KT, Young WF, Ryan N, Randall RV. The pituitary gland in pregnancy: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 69 cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990;65:461–474.
Gonzalez JG, Elizondo G, Saldivar E, Nanez H, Todd LE, Vallarreal JZ. Pituitary gland growth during normal pregnancy: an in vivo study using magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Med. 1988;85:217–220.
Nishioka H, Ito H, Miki T, Akada K. A case of lymphocytic hypophysitis with massive fibrosis and the role of surgical intervention. Surg Neurol. 1994;42:74–78.
Pestell RG, Best JD, Alford FP. Lymphocytic hypophysitis. The clinical spectrum of the disorder and evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis. Clin Endocrinol. 1990;33:457–466.
Nussbaum CE, Okawara SH, Jacobs LS. Lymphocytic hypophysitis with involvement of the cavernous sinus and hypothalamus. Neurosurgery. 1991;28:440–444.
Supler ML, Mickle JP. Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Report of a case in a man with cavernous sinus involvement. Surg Neurol. 1992;37:472–476.
Lee JH, Laws ER, Guthrie BL, Dina TS, Nochomovitz LE. Lymphocytic hypophysitis: occurrence in two men. Neurosurgery. 1994;34:159–163.
Escobar-Morreale H, Serrano-Gotarredona J, Varela C. Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency due to probable lymphocytic hypophysitis in a man. J Endocrinol Invest 1994;17:127–131.
Abe T, Matsumoto K, Sanno N. Osamura Y. Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Case report Neurosurgery. 1995;36:1016–1019.
Thodou E, Asa SL, Kontogeorgos G, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Ezzat S. Clinical case seminar: lymphocytic hypophysitis: clinicopathological findings. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1995;80:2302–2311.
Paja M, Estrada A, Ojeda A, Ramon y Cajal S, Garcia-Uria J, Lucas T Lymphocytic hypophysitis causing hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus, and associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, in a non-pregnant woman. Postgrad Med J. 1994;70:220–224
Portocarrero CJ, Robinson AG, Taylor AL, Klein I. Lymphoid hypophysitis an unusual case of hyperprolactinaemia and enlarged sella turcica. J Am Med Assoc. 1981;246:1811–1812.
Hughes JM, Ellsworth CA, Harris BS. Clinical case seminar: a 33-year-old woman with a pituitary mass and panhypopituitarism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1521–1525.
Levine SN, Benzel EC, Fowler MR, Shroyer JV III, Mirfakhraee M. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: clinical, radiological, and magnetic resonance imaging characterization Neurosurgery. 1988;22:937–941.
Ahmadi J, Meyers GS, Segall HD, Sharma OP, Hinton DR. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: contrast-enhanced MR imaging in five cases. Radiology. 1995;195:30–34.
Naik RG, Ammini A, Shah P, Sarkar C, Mehta VS, Berry M. Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:925–927.
Asa SL, Bilbao JM, Kovacs K, Josse RG, Kreines K. Lymphocytic hypophysitis of pregnancy resulting in hypopituitarism: a distinct clinicopathological entity. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:166–171.
Powrie JK, Powell M, Ayers AB, Lowy C, Sonksen PH. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: magnetic resonance imaging features of two new cases and a review of the literature. Clin Endocrinol. 1995;42:315–322.
Beressi N, Cohen R, Beressi J et al. Pseudotumoural lymphocytic hypophysitis successfully treated by corticosteroid alone: first case report. Neurosurgery. 1994;35:505–508.
Castle D, De Villiers JC, Melvill R. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. Report of a case with demonstration of spontaneous tumour regression and a review of the literature. Br J Neurosurg. 1988;2:401–406.
Bitton RN, Slavin M, Decker RE, Zito J, Schneider BS. The course of lymphocytic hypophysitis. Surg Neurol. 1991;36:40–43.
McGrail KM, Beyerl BD, Black PM, Klibanski A, Zervas NT. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis of pregnancy with complete recovery. Neurosurgery. 1987;20:791–793.
Ozawa Y, Shishiba Y. Recovery from lymphocytic hypophysitis associated with painless thyroiditis: clinical implications of circulating antipituitary antibodies. Acta Endocrinol. 1993;128:493–498.
Sautner D, Saeger W, Ludecke DK, Jansen V, Puchner MJ. Hypophysitis in surgical and autoptical specimens. Acta Neuropathol. 1995;90:637–644.
Bevan JS, Burke CW, Esiri MM, Adams CBT. Misinterpretation of prolactin levels leading to management errors in patients with sellar enlargement. Am J Med. 1987;82:29–32.
Ahmed SR, Aiello DP, Page R, Hopper K, Towfighi J, Santen RJ. Necrotizing infundibulohypophysitis: a unique syndrome of diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76:1499–1504.
McConnon JK, Smyth HS, Horvath E. A case of sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma associated with lymphocytic hypophysitis. J Endocrinol Invest. 1991;14:691–696.
Jones TH. Interleukin-6 an endocrine cytokine. Clin Endocrinol. 1994;40:703–713.
Pouplard A, Bottazzo G, Doniach D, Roitt M. Binding of human immunoglobulins to pituitary ACTH cells. Nature. 1976;261:142–144.
Scherbaum WA, Schrell U, Gluck M, Fahlbusch R, Pfeiffer EF. Autoantibodies to pituitary corticotropin-producing cells: possible marker for unfavourable outcome after pituitary microsurgery for Cushing’s disease. Lancet. 1987;1:1394–1398.
Sauter NP, Toni R, McLaughlin CD, Dyess EM, Kritzman J, Lechan RM. Isolated ACTH deficiency associated with an autoantibody to a corticotroph antigen that is not ACTH or other proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70:1391–1397.
Crock P, Salvi M, Miller A, Wall J, Guyda H. Detection of anti-pituitary autoantibodies by immunoblotting. J Immunol Methods. 1993;162:31–40.
Engelberth O, Jezkova Z. Autoantibodies in Sheehan’s syndrome. Lancet. 1965;1:1075.
Komatsu M, Kondo T, Yamauchi et al. Antipituitary antibodies in patients with the primary empty sella syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67:633–638.
Kajita K, Yasuda K, Yamakita N et al. Anti-pituitary antibodies in patients with hypopituitarism and their families: longitudinal observation. Endocrinol Japon. 1991;38:121–129.
Mayfield RK, Levine JH, Gordon L, Powers J, Galbraith RM, Rawe SE. Lymphoid adenohypophysitis presenting as a pituitary tumour. Am J Med. 1980;69:619–623.
Yoon JW, Choi DS, Liang HC et al. Induction of an organ-specific autoimmune disease, lymphocytic hypophysitis, in hamsters by recombinant rubella virus glycoprotein and prevention of disease by neonatal thymectomy. J Virol. 1992;66:1210–1214.
McCutcheon IE, Oldfield EH. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis presenting as infertility. J Neurosurg. 1991;74:821–826.
Jansson R, Dahlberg PA, Karlsson FA. Postpartum thyroiditis. In: Lazarus JH, Hall R, eds. Hypothyroidism and Goitre. Baillière’s Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;2:619–635.
Levine S. Allergic adenohypophysitis: new experimental disease of the pituitary gland. Science. 1967;158:1190–1191.
Klein I, Kraus KE, Martines AJ, Weber S. Evidence for cellular mediated immunity in an animal model of autoimmune pituitary disease. Endocr Res Comm. 1982;9:145–153.
Nishiyama S, Takano T, Hidaka Y, Takada K, Iwatani Y, Amino N. A case of postpartum hypopituitarism associated with empty sella; possible relation to postpartum autoimmune hypophysitis. Endocrine J. 1993;40:431–438.
Mau M, Phillips TM, Ratner RE. Presence of anti-pituitary hormone antibodies in patients with empty sella syndrome and pituitary tumours. Clin Endocrinol. 1993;38:495–500.
Scherbaum WA, Bottazzo GF. Autoantibodies to vasopressin cells in idiopathic diabetes insipidus: evidence for an autoimmune variant. Lancet. 1983;i:897–901.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sawers, H.A., Bevan, J.S. (1998). Pituitary autoimmunity. In: Weetman, A.P. (eds) Endocrine Autoimmunity and Associated Conditions. Immunology and Medicine Series, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5044-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5044-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6118-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5044-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive