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Nanostructured Materials pp 361–385Cite as

Nanocrystalline Ceramics for Structural Applications: Processing and Properties

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASHT,volume 50))

Abstract

Several techniques for the consolidation and sintering of nanocrystalline ceramics are reviewed. For pressureless sintering, the presence of large, interagglomerate pores in the nanoceramic powder compact is shown to be the root cause of high sintering temperatures and slow densification rates. The strong dependence of densification rate on pore size is demonstrated, with smaller pores yielding faster densification rates and higher densifies at a given grain size. In contrast, variations of the ceramic’s sintering schedule are generally unproductive or counterproductive with respect to altering the density-grain size trajectory. Two consolidation methods which successfully produce fully dense, nanocrystalline ceramics include dry pressing at high (1 GPa) pressures prior to pressureless sintering, or sinterforging. Both approaches greatly reduce or eliminate the large (interagglomerate) pores present in the starting compact. Wet processing techniques, though not yet widely used for nanoparticles, also show promise in this regard, due to the minimal force required to obtain efficient particle packing. Some properties and applications of nanocrystalline ceramics are also discussed; these include sintering temperature (in the absence of agglomeration), hardness, fracture toughness, superplasticity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion bonding ability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Materials Science & Eng., The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    M. J. Mayo

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  1. M. J. Mayo
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, USA

    Gan-Moog Chow

  2. Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg, Russia

    Nina Ivanovna Noskova

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Mayo, M.J. (1998). Nanocrystalline Ceramics for Structural Applications: Processing and Properties. In: Chow, GM., Noskova, N.I. (eds) Nanostructured Materials. NATO ASI Series, vol 50. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5002-6_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5002-6_18

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