Skip to main content

Polypeptides of Photosystem II: Structure and function

  • Chapter
Concepts in Photobiology

Summary

The intrinsic proteins, which are required for oxygen evolution, and the extrinsic proteins, which act as enhancers of this reaction, are examined from both structural and functional perspectives. In addition in this chapter the work that has been made towards the 2-D and 3-D crystallization of PS II, is described. In addition, the production of a structural model of Photosystem II and the current opinions, which have arisen from these structural analyses, on the structural topology and assemblage of the various subunits that constitute the complex, are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adir, N., Okamura, M.Y. and Feher, G. 1992. Crystallization of the reaction center of photosystem II. Biophysical J. 61s: A101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akabori, K., Tsukamoto, H., Tsukihara, J., Nagatsuka, T., Motokawa, O. and Toyoshima, Y. 1988. Disintegration and reconstitution of photosystem II reaction center core complex. Preparation and characterization of three different types of subcomplexes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 932: 345–357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B., Larsson, C., Jansson, C., Ljungberg, U. and Akerlund, H.E. 1984. Immunological studies on the organization of proteins in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766: 21–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbato, R., Race, H.L., Friso, G. and Barber, J. 1991. Chlorophyll levels in the pigment binding proteins of photosystem II. A study based on the chlorophyll to cytochrome ratio in different photosystem II preparations. FEBS Lett. 286: 86–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, B.A., Boerner, R.J. and dePaula, J.C. 1994. The use of cyanobacteria in the study of the structure and function of photosystem II. In: Bryant D. (ed) The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria. pp 217–257, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bassi, R., Hoyer Hansen, G., Barbato, R., Giacometti, G.M. and Simpson, D.J. 1987. Chlorophyll proteins of the photosystem II antenna complex. J Biol. Chem. 262: 13333–13341.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassi, R., Magaldi, A.G., Tognon, G., Giacometti, G.M. and Miller, K.R. 1989. Two dimensional crystals of the Photosystem II reaction center complex from higher plants. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 50: 84–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, B., Callahan, F. and Cheniae, G. 1985. Photoactivation of NH2OH treated leaves: Reassembly of released extrinsic polypeptides and religation of Mn into the polynuclear Mn catalyst of water oxidation. FEBS Lett. 192: 209–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bendali, D.S. 1968. Oxidation reduction potentials of cytochromes in chloroplasts from higher plants. Biochem. J. 109: 46–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berthold, D.A., Babcock, G.T. and Yocum, C.F. 1981. A highly resolved, oxygen evolving photosystem II preparation from spinach thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett. 13: 231–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betts, S., Hachigian, T.M., Pichersky, R.E. and Yocum, C.F. 1994. Reconstitution of the spinach oxygen evolving complex with recombinant Arabidopsis manganese stabilizing protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 117–130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Betts, S., Ross, J.R., Pickersky, E. and Yocum, C.F. 1997. Mutation Val235Ala weakens binding of the 33 kDa manganese stabilizing protein of PS II to one of two sites. Biochemistry 36: 4047–4053.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boekema, E.J., Hankamer, B., Bald, D., Kruip, J., Nield, J., Boonstra, A.F., Barber, J. and Rögner, M. 1995. Supramolecular structure of the photosystem II complex from green plants and cyanobacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 175–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac, A. and Rutherford, A.W. 1988a. Nature of the inhibition of the oxygen evolving enzyme of photosystem II induced by NaCl washing and reversed by the addition of Ca+2 or Sr+2. FEBS Lett. 236: 432–436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac, A. and Rutherford, A.W. 1988b. S state formation after Ca+2 depletion in the photosystem II oxygen evolving complex. Chem. Scripta 28A: 123–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briantais, J.M., Vernotte, C., Miyao, M., Murata, N. and Picaud, M. 1985. Relationship between O2 evolution capacity and cytochrome b559 high potential form in photosystem II particles: Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 808: 348–351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, T.M. 1990. The structure and function of CPa 1 and CPa 2 in photosystem II. Photosynth. Res. 24: 1–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, T.M. 1992. Oxygen evolution in the absence of the 33 kDa manganese stabilizing protein. Biochemistry 31: 4623–4628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, T.M. and Frankel, L.K. 1987. Use of a monoclonal antibody in structural investigations of the 49 kDa polypeptide of photosystem II. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 256: 295–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, T. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1996. The oxygen evolving complex and the role of extrinsic polypeptides. In Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions (Ort, D. and Yocum, C.F. eds.) pp. 113–136. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, T.M., Odom, W.R. and Queirolo, C.B. 1988. Close association of the 33 kDa extrinsic protein with the apoprotein of CPa 1 in photosystem II. FEBS Lett. 231: 111–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnap, R.L. and Sherman, L.A. 1991. Deletion mutagenesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 indicates that the Mn stabilizing protein of photosystem II is not essential for oxygen evolution. Biochemistry 30: 440–446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnap, R.L., Shen, J.R., Juvsinic, P.A., Inoue, Y. and Sherman, L.A. 1992. Oxygen yield and thermoluminescence characteristics of a cyanobacterium lacking the manganese stabilizing protein of photosystem II. Biochemistry 31: 7404–7410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnap, R.L., Qian, M. and Pierce, C. 1996. The manganese-stabilizing protein of PS II modifies the in vivo deactivation and photoreactivation kinetics of the water oxidation complex in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochemistry 35: 874–882.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camm, E.L., Green, B.R., Allred, D.R. and Staehelin, A. 1987. Association of the 33 kDa extrinsic polypeptide (water splitting) with PS II particles: immunochemical quantification of residual polypeptide after membrane extraction. Photosynth. Res. 13: 69–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, W.J. and Govindjee 1987. A model for the mechanism of chloride activation of oxygen evolution in photosystem II. Photosynth. Res. 13: 199–223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debus, R.J. 1992. The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1102: 269–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debus, R.J., Barry, B.A., Sithole, I., Babcock, G.T. and McIntosh, L. 1988a. Directed mutagenesis indicates that the donor to P68O + in photosystem II is Tyr 161 of the D1 polypeptide. Biochemistry 27: 9071–9074.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debus, R.J., Berry, B.A., Babcock, G.T. and Mclntosh, L. 1988b. Site specific mutagenesis identifies a tyrosine redical involved in the photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 427–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deisenbhofer, J., Epp, O., Miki, K., Huber, R. and Michel, H. 1985. Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3 Ã… resolution. Nature 318: 618–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Vitry, C., Wollmann, F.A. and Delepelaire, P. 1984. Function of the polypeptides of the photosystem II reaction center in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767: 415–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Vitry, C., Diner, B.A. and Lemoine, Y. 1987. Chemical composition of photosystem II reaction centers: phosphorylation of PS II polypeptides. In: Progress in Photosynthesis Research. Biggins J. (ed) Vol. II, pp. 105–108, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker, J.P., Bowlby, N.R. and Yocum, C.F. 1989. Chlorophyll and cytochrome b559 content of the photochemical reaction center of photosystem II. FEBS Lett. 254: 150–153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Döring, G., Renger, G., Vater, J. and Witt, H.T. 1969. Properties of photoactive chlorophyll a II in photosynthesis. Z Naturforsch. 24b: 1139–1143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton Rye, J.J. and Murata, N. 1989. Evidence that the amino terminus of the 33 kDa extrinsic protein is required for binding to the photosystem II complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 977: 219–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton Rye, J.J. and Vermaas, W.F.J. 1991. Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis of psbB, the gene encoding CP 47, employing a deletion strain of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 17: 1165–1177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enami, I., Satoh, K. and Katoh, S. 1987. Crosslinking between the 33 kDa extrinsic protein and the 47 kDa chlorophyll carrying protein of the PS II reaction center core complex. FEBS Lett. 226: 161–165.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enami, I., Kamino, K., Shen, J.R., Satoh, K. and Katoh, S. 1989. Isolation and characterization of Photosystem II complexes which lack light harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins but retain three extrinsic proteins related to oxygen evolution from spinach. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 977: 33–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enami, I., Kaneko, M., Kitamura, N., Koike, H., Sonoike, K., Inoue, Y. and Katoh, S. 1991. Total immobilization of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein in spinach photosystem II membrane preparations. Protein stoichiometry and stabilization of oxygen evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1060: 224–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enami, I., Ohta, S., Mitsuhashi, S., Takahashi, S., Ikeuchi, M. and Katoh, S. 1992. Evidence from crosslinking for a close association of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein with the 9.4 kDa subunit of ytochrome b559 and the 38 KDa product of the psbI gene in oxygen evolving photosystem II complexes from spinach. Plant Cell Physiol. 33: 291–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H.N. and Cramer, W.A. 1970. The redox potential of cytochromes b559 and b563 in spinach chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 267: 375–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, R.C., Rosenberg, M.F., Shepherd, F.H., McPhie, P. and Holzenburg, A. 1995. Photosystem II 3 D structure and the role of the extrinsic subunits in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Micron 26: 133–140.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fotinou, C. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1990. A preparative method for the isolation of the 43 kDa, 47 kDa and the Dl D2 Cyt b559 species directly from thylakoid membranes. Photosynth. Res. 25: 141–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fotinou, C., Kokkinidis, M., Haase, M., Fritzch, G., Michel, H. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1993. Characterization of a photosystem II core and its three dimensional crystals. Photosynth. Res. 37: 41–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, L.K. and Bricker, T.M. 1989. Epitope mapping of the monoclonal antibody FAC2 on the apoprotein of CPa 1 in photosystem II. FEBS Lett. 257: 279–282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, L.K. and Bricker, T.M. 1992. Interaction of CPa 1 with the manganese stabilizing protein of photosystem II: Identification of domains on CPa 1 which are shielded from N hydroxysuccinimide biotinylation by the manganese stabilizing protein. Biochemistry 31: 11059–11063.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funk, C., Schroder, W.P., Napiwotzki, A., Tjus. S.E., Renger, G. and Andersson. B. 1995. The PS II-S protein of higher plants: A new type of pigment-binding protein. Biochemistry 34: 11133–11141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, R., Brezborn, R., Depka, W. and Trebst, A. 1987. Site directed antisera to the D2 polypeptide subunit of photosystem II. Z Naturforsch. 42c: 491–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F. and Yocum, C.F. 1986. Purification and properties of an oxygen evolving reaction center complex from photosystem II membranes. FEBS Lett. 197: 244–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F. and Yocum, C.F. 1990. Photosystem II and the oxygen evolving complex. Ann. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 255–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F, Babcock, G.T. and Yocum, C.F. 1984a. Calcium reconstitutes high rates of oxygen evolution in polypeptide photosystem II preparations. FEBS Lett. 167: 127–130.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F, Topper, J.N., Babcock, G.T. and Yocum, C.F. 1984b. Water soluble 17 and 23 kDa polypeptides restore oxygen evolution activity by creating a high affinity binding site for Ca2+ on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. FEBS Lett. 170: 169–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F., Babcock, G.T. and Yocum, C.F. 1984c. Structural and catalytic properties of the oxygen evoring complex. Correlation of polypeptide and manganese release with the behavior of Z+ in chloroplasts and a highly resolved preparation of the PS II complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 765: 388–398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F., Topper, J. and Yocum, C.F. 1984d. Structural organization of the oxidizing side of Photosystem II. Exogenous reductants reduce and destroy the Mn complex in photosystem II membranes depleted of the 17 and 23 kDa polypeptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767: 524–531.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F., Yocum, C.F. and Babcock, G.T. 1986. ESR spectroscopy demonstrates that cytochrome b559 remains low potential in calcium reactivated salt-washed PS II particles. Photosynth. Res. 9: 125–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F, Demetriou, D.M. and Yocum, C.F. 1987. Isolation and characterization of an oxygen evolving photosystem II reaction center core preparation and a 28 kDa Chi a binding protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 891: 15–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis, D.F, de Paula, J.C., Demetriou, D.M., Bowlby N.R., Petersen, J., Babcock, G.T. and Yocum. C.F. 1989. Isolation and characterization of the 47 kDa protein and the D1 D2 cytochrome b559 complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 974: 44–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleiter, H.M., Haag, E., Shen, J.R., Eaton Rey, J.J., Inoue, Y, Vermaas, W.F.J. and Renger G. 1994. Functional characterization of mutant strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 lacking short domains within the large, lumen exposed loop of the chlorophyll protein CP47 in photosystem II. Biochemistry 33: 12063–12071.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleiter, H.M., Haag, E., Shen, J.R., Eaton Rye, J.J., Seeliger, A.G., Inoue, Y, Vermaas, W.F.J. and Renger, G. 1995. Involvement of the CP47 protein in stabilization and photoactivation of a functional water-oxidizing complex in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochemistry 34: 6847–6856.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gounaris, K., Pick, U. and Barber, J. 1987. Stoichiometry and turnover of photosystem II polypeptides. FEBS Lett. 211: 94–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haag, E., Irrgang, K.D., Boekema, E.J. and Renger, G. 1990. Functional and structural analysis of Photosystem II core complexes from spinach with high oxygen evolution capacity. Eur. J. Biochem. 189: 47–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haag, E., Eaton Rye, J.J., Renger, G. and Vermaas, W.F.J. 1993. Functionally important domains of the large hydrophilic loop of CP47 as probed by oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochemistry 32: 4444–4453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, C.S. and Strittmatter, P. 1984. Covalent crosslinking of the sites of vesicle bound cytochrome b5 and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 3275–3282.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasler, L., Ghanotakis, D.F., Fedtke, B., Spyridaki, A., Miller, M, Müller, S.A., Engel, A. and Tsiotis, G. 1997. Structural analysis of photosystem II: Comparative study of cyanobacterial and higher plant photosystem II complexes. J. Struct. Biol. 119: 273–283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, H., Fujimura, Y., Mohanty, P.S. and Murata, N. 1993. The role of CP 47 in the evolution of oxygen and the binding of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein to the core complex of photosystem II as determined by limited proteolysis. Photosynth. Res. 36: 35–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hind, G. and Nakatani, H.Y. 1970. Determination of the concentration and redox potential of chloroplast cytochrome b559. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 216: 223–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzenburg, A., Bewley, M.C., Wilson, F.H., Nicholson, W.V. and Ford, R.C. 1993. Three dimensional structure of photosystem II. Nature. 363: 470–472.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzenburg, A., Shepherd, F.H. and Ford, R.C. 1994. Localization of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II by fourier difference analysis. Micron. 25: 447–451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzenburg, A., Wilson, F.H., Finbow, M.E. and Ford, R.C. 1992. Structural investigations of membrane proteins: The versatility of electron microscopy. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 20: 591–597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Homann, P.H. 1987. The relations between the chloride, calcium and polypeptide requirements of photosynthetic water oxidation. J. Bioenerg. Biomemb. 19: 105–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi, M. and Inoue, Y. 1986. Characterization of O2 evolution by a wheat photosystem II reaction center complex isolated by a simplified method: Disjunction of secondary acceptor quinone and enhanced Ca2+ demand. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 247: 97–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi, M. and Inoue, Y. 1988a. A new photosystem II reaction center component (38 kDa protein) encoded by the chloroplast genome. FEBS Lett. 241: 99–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi, M. and Inoue, Y. 1988b. A new 38 kDa polypeptide intrinsic to the photosystem II reaction center as revealed by modified SDS PAGE with improved resolution of the low molecular weight proteins. Plant Cell Physiol. 29: 1233–1239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi, M., Yuasa, M. and Inoue, Y 1985. Simple and discrete isolation of an O2 evolving PS II reaction center complex retaining Mn and the extrinsic 33 kDa protein. FEBS Lett. 185: 316–322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi, M., Koike, H. and Inoue, Y. 1989. N terminal sequencing of photosystem II low molecular mass proteins. 5 and 3.1 kDa components of the O2 evolving core complex from higher plants. FEBS Lett. 242: 263–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irrgang, K.D., Boekema, E.J., Vater, J. and Renger, G. 1988. Structural determination of the photosystem II core complex from spinach. Eur. J. Biochem. 178: 209–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isogai, Y, Yamamoto, Y. and Nishimura, M. 1985. Association of the 33 kDa polypeptide with the 43 kDa component in photosystem II particles. FEBS Lett. 187: 240–243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joliot, P., Barbieri, G. and Chaubaud, R. 1969. Un nouveau modele des centres photochimique du systeme II. Photochem. Photobiol. 10: 309–329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavelaki, K. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1991. Effect of the manganese complex on the binding of the extrinsic proteins (17, 23 and 33 kDa) of photosystem II. Photosynth. Res. 29: 149–155.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, U., Maid, U. and Zetsche, K. 1992. An equivalent to bacterial ompR genes is encoded on the plastid genome of red algae. Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 777–780.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klimov, V.V., Dolan, E. and Ke, B. 1980. EPR properties of an intermediary electron acceptor (pheophytin) in photosystem II reaction centers at crygenic temperatures. FEBS Lett. 112: 97–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M, Maeda, H., Watanabe, T., Nakane, H. and Satoh, Ki. 1990. Chlorophyll a and b carotene content in the D1/D2/cytochrome b559 reaction center complex from spinach. FEBS Lett. 260: 138–140.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kok, B., Forbush, B. and McGloin, M. 1970. Cooperation of charges in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Photochem. Photobiol. 11: 457–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, M.G. and Vermaas, W.F.J. 1993. Deletion mutations in a long hydrophilic loop in the photosystem II chlorophyll binding protein CP 43 in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 123–133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurreck, J., Liu, B., Napiwotzki, A., Sellin, S., Eckert, H.-J., Eichler, H.-J. and Renger, G. 1997. Stoichiometry of pigments and radical pair formation under saturating pulse excitation in D1/D2/Cytb559 preparations. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1318: 307–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, T. and Murata, N. 1982. Inactivation of oxygen evolution and concomitant release of three polypeptides in the photosystem II particles of spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 23: 533–539.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, T., Miyao, M., Murata, T. and Murata, N. 1985. The function of the 33 kDa protein in the oxygen evolution system studied by reconstitution experiments. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 806: 283–289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, T., Murata, T., Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1986. Partial degradation of the 18 kDa protein of the photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex: a study of a binding site. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 850: 146–155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, M.K., Marr, K.M. and Furcinitti, P.S. 1993. Formation and characterization of 2 dimensional crystals of Photosystem II. J. Struct. Biol. 110: 133–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mavankal, G., McCain, D.C. and Bricker, T.M. 1986. Effects of chloride on paramagnetic coupling of manganese in calcium chloride washed photosystem II preparations. FEBS Lett. 202: 235–239.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, S.P., Bennoun, P. and Rochaix, J.D. 1987. Expression of the nuclear encoded OEE1 protein is required for oxygen evolution and stability of photosystem II particles in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EMBO J. 6: 313–318.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mei, R., Green, J.P., Sayre, R.T. and Frasch, W.D. 1989. Manganese binding proteins of the oxygen evolving complex. Biochemistry 28: 5560–5567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, H. and Desienhofer, J. 1988. Relevance of the photosynthetic reaction center from purple bacteria to the structure of Photosystem II. Biochemistry 27: 1–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, H.P., Hunt, D.F., Shabanowitz, J. and Bennett, J. 1988. Tandem mass spectrometry reveals that three photosystem II proteins of spinach chloroplasts contain N acetyl O phosphothreonine at their NH2 termini. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 1123–1130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, R. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1994. Selective extraction of CP26 and CP29 proteins without affecting the binding of the extrinsic proteins (17, 23 and 33 kDa) and the DCMU sensitivity of a photosystem II core complex. Photosynth. Res. 42: 37–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1983. Partial disintegration and reconstitution of the phototsynthetic oxygen evolution system. Binding of 24 kDa and 18 kDa polypeptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 725: 87–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1984a. Role of the 33 kDa polypeptide in preserving Mn in the photosynthetic oxygen evolution system and its replacement by chloride ions. FEBS Lett. 168: 281–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1984b. Effects of urea on photosystem II particles. Evidence for an essential role of the 33 kDa polypeptide in oxygen evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 765: 253–257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1984c. Calcium ions can be substituted for the 24 kDa polypeptide in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. FEBS Lett. 168: 118–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1985. The chloride effect on photosynthetic oxygen evolution: interaction of Cl with 18 kDa, 24 kDa and 33 kDa proteins. FEBS Lett. 180: 303–308.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M. and Murata, N. 1989. The mode of binding of three extrinsic proteins of 33 kDa, 24 kDa and 18 kDa in the photosystem II complex of spinach. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 977: 315–321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M., Murata, N., Lavorel, J., Maison Peteri, B., Boussac, A. and Etienne, A.L. 1987. Effects of the 33 kDa protein on the S state transitions in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 890: 151–159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyao, M., Fujimura, Y. and Murata, N. 1988. Partial degradation of the extrinsic 23 kDa protein of the photosystem II complex of spinach. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 936: 465–474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murata, N., Miyao, M., Omata, T., Matsunami, H. and Kuwabara, T. 1984. Stoichiometry of components in the photosynthetic oxygen evolution system of photosystem II particles prepared with Triton X 100 from spinach chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 765: 363–369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani, H.Y., Ke, B., Dolan, E., Arntzen, C.J. 1984. Identity of the photosystem II reaction center polypeptide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 765: 347–352.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakazato, K., Toyoshima, C., Enami, I. and Inoue, Y. 1996. Two dimensional crystallization and cryo-electron microscopy of Photosystem II. J. Mol. Biol. 257: 225–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanba, O. and Satoh, K. 1987. Isolation of a photosystem II reaction center consisting of D1 and D2 polypeptides and cytochrome b559. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84: 109–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odom, W.R. and Bricker, T.M. 1992. Interaction of CPa 1 with the manganese stabilizing protein of photosystem II: Identification of domains crosslinked by 1 ethyl 3 [3(dimethylamino) propyl]carbo diimide. Biochemistry 31: 5616–5620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono, T.A., Kajikawa, H. and Inoue, Y. 1986. Changes in protein composition and Mn abundance in photosystem II particles on photoactivation of the latent O2 evolving system in flash grown wheat’leaves. Plant Physiol. 80: 85–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pakrasi, H.B. and Vermaas, W.F.J. 1992. Protein engineering of photosystem II. In: Barber J. (ed) The Photosystems: Structure Function and Molecular Biology. pp. 231–258 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakrasi, H.B., Riethman, H.C. and Sherman, L.A. 1985. Organization of the pigment proteins of the photosystem II complex of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 6903–6907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pakrasi, H.B., Nyhus, K. and Granok, H. 1990. Targeted deletion mutagenesis of the beta subunit of cytochrome b559 destabilizes the reaction center of photosystem II. Z Naturforsch. 45c: 423–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakrasi, H.B., Ciechi, P.D. and Whitmarsh, J. 1991. Site directed mutagenesis of the heme axial ligands of cytochrome b559 affects the stability of the photosystem II complex. EMBO J. 10: 1619–1627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, J., Dekker, J.P., Bowlby, N.R., Ghanotakis, D.F., Yocum, C.F. and Babcock, G.T. 1990. EPR characterization of the CP47 D1 D2 cytochrome b559 complex of photosystem II. Biochemistry 29: 3226–3231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Philbrick, J.B., Diner, B.A. and Zilinskas, B.A. 1991. Construction and characterization of cyanobacterial mutants lacking the manganese stabilizing protein of photosystem II. J. Biol. Chem. 226: 13370–13376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam-Evans, C. and Bricker, T.M. 1992. Site-directed mutagenesis of the CPa-1 protein of photosystem II: Alteration of the basic residue pair 384,385R to 384,385G leads to a defect associated with the oxygen-evolving complex. Biochemistry 31: 11482–11488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam-Evans, C. and Bricker, T.M. 1994. Site-directed mutagenesis of the CP 47 protein of photosystem II: Alteration of the basic residue 448R to 448G prevents the assembly of functional photosystem II centers under chloride-limiting conditions. Biochemistry 33: 10770–10776.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid, A. and Carpentier, R. 1990. The 16 and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides and the associated Ca+2 and Cl− modify atrazine interaction with the photosystem II core complex. Photosynth. Res. 24: 221–227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renger, G. 1997. Photosystem II and water oxidation in cyanobacteria, algae and higher plants. In Bioenergetics (Graber, P. and Miliazzo, G., eds) pp. 309–358. Brikhauser Verlag Basel/Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rögner, M., Chisholm, D.A. and Diner, B. 1991. Site directed mutagenesis of the psbC gene of photosystem II: Isolation and functional characterization of CP43 less photosystem II core complexes. Biochemistry 30: 5387–5395.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rögner, M., Dekker, J.P., Boekema, E.J. and Witt, H.T. 1987. Size shape and mass of the oxygen evolving photosystem II complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. FEBS Lett. 219: 207–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolfe, S.A. and Bendall, D.S. 1989. The role of an extrinsic 9-kDa polypeptide in oxygen evolution by photosystem II particles from Phormidium laminosum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 973: 220–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandusky, P.O. and Yocum, C.F. 1983. The mechanism of amine inhibition of the photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex. Amines displace functional chloride from a ligand site on manganese. FEBS Lett. 162: 339–343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santini, C., Tidu, V., Tognon, G., Magaldi, A.G. and Bassi, R. 1994. Three dimensional structure of the higher plant photosystem II reaction centre and evidene for its dimeric organization in vivo. Eur. J. Biochem. 221: 307–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh, K., Ohno, T. and Katoh, S. 1985. An oxygen evolving complex with a simple subunit structure—a water plastoquinone oxidoreductase—from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. FEBS Lett. 180: 326–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayre, R.T. and Wrobel Boerner, E.A. 1994. Molecular topology of the photosystem II chlorophyll a binding protein. CP 43: Topology of a thylakoid membrane protein. Photosynth. Res. 40: 11–19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayre, R.T., Andersson, B. and Bogorad, L. 1986. The topology of a membrane protein: the orientation of the 32 kDa Qb binding chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein. Cell 47: 601–608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert, M., DeWit, M. and Staehelin, L.A. 1987. Structural localization of the O2-evolving apparatus to multimeric (tetrameric) particles on the lumenal surface of freeze-etched photosynthetic membranes. J. Cell Biol. 105: 2257–2265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seidler, A. 1996. The extrinsic polypeptides of Photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1277: 35–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, J.-R., Ikeuchi, M. and Inoue, Y. 1992. Stoichiometric association of extrinsic cytochrome c550 and 12-kDa protein with a highly purified oxygen-evolving photosystem II core complex from Synechococcus vulcanus. FEBS Lett. 301: 145–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, J.-R. and Inoue, Y. 1993. Binding and functional properties of two new extrinsic components, cytochrome c-550 and a 12-kDa protein, in cyanobacterial photosystem II. Biochemistry 32: 1825–1832.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, J.-R., Burnap, R.L. and Inoue, Y. 1995. An independent role of cytochrome c-550 in cyanobacterial Photosystem II as revealed by double-deletion mutagenesis of the psbO and psbV genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochemistry 34: 12661–12668.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, G., Eaton Rye, J.J. and Vermaas, W.F.J. 1993. Mutation of histidine residues in CP47 leads to a destabilization of the photosystem II complex and to impairment of light energy transfer. Biochemistry 32: 5109–5115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shutova, T., Irrgang, K.-D., Shubin, V., Kilmov, V.V. and Renger, G. 1997. Analysis of pH-induced changes of the isolated extrinsic 33 kDa protein of Photosystem II. Biochemistry, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staehelin, L.A. 1975. Chloroplast membrane structure intramembranous particles of different sizes make contact in stacked membrane regions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 408: 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, A.C., Ljungberg, U., Akerlund, H.-E. and Andersson, B. 1985. Studies on the polypeptide composition of the cyanobacterial oxygen-evolving complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 808: 353–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tae, G.S. and Cramer, W.A. 1992. Truncation of the COOH terminal domain of the psbE gene product in Synecocystis sp. 6803: requirements for photosystem II assembly and function. Biochemistry 31: 4066–4073.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M.A. and Asada, K. 1991. Determination of the molecular size of the binding site for the manganese stabilizing protein of photosystem II membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1059: 361–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, S. and Wada, K. 1988. The status of cysteine residues in the 33 kDa protein of spinach photosystem II complexes. Photosynth. Res. 17: 255–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, X.S. and Satoh, K. 1984. Characterization of a 47 kilodalton chlorophyll binding polypeptide isolation from a photosystem II core complex. Plant Cell Physiol. 25: 935–945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, X.S., Fushimi, K. and Satoh, K. 1990. Dl D2 complex of the photosystem II reaction center from spinach. Isolation and partial characterization. FEBS Lett. 273: 257–260.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomo, T., Enami, I. and Satoh, K. 1993. Orientation and nearest neighbor analysis of psbI gene product in the photosystem II reaction center complex using bifunctional crosslinkers. FEBS Lett. 323: 15–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trebst, A. 1986. The three dimensional structure of the herbicide binding niche on the reaction center polypeptides of photosystem II. Z Naturforsch. 42c: 742–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trebst, A. and Depka, B. 1985. The architecture of photosystem II in plant photosynthesis. Which polypeptide carries the reaction center of photosystem II? In: Michel Beyerle M.E. (ed) Antennas and Reaction Centers on Photosynthetic Bacteria Interactions and Dynamics. pp 216–223, Springer Verlag, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tronrud, D.E., Schmidt, M.F. and Matthews, B.W. 1986. Structure and X-ray amino acid sequence of a bacteriochlorophyll a protein from Prosthecochloris aestuarii refined at 1.9 A resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 188: 443–453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsiotis, G., Walz, T., Spyridaki, A., Lustig, A., Engel, A. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1996a. Tubular crystals of a photosystem II core complex. J. Mol. Biol. 259: 241–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsiotis, G., McDermott, G. and Ghanotakis, D.F. 1996b. Progress towards structural elucidation of Photosystem II. Photosynth. Res. 50: 93–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Mieghem, F.J.E. and Rutherford, A.W. 1993. Comparitive spectroscopy of photosystem II and purple bacterial reaction centers. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 21: 986–991.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vass, I., Ono, T. and Inoue, Y. 1987. Stability and oscillation properties of thermoluminescent charge pairs in the oxygen evolving system depleted in CL or the 33 kDa extrinsic protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 892: 224–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vermaas, W.F.J., Williams, J.G.K. and Arntzen, C.J. 1987. Seqencing and modification of psbB, the gene encoding the CP47 protein of photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 8: 317–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vermaas, W.F.J., Ikeuchi, M. and Inoue, Y. 1988. Protein composition of the photosystem II core complex in genetically engineered mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechosystis PCC 6803. Photosynth. Res. 17: 97–113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waggoner, C.M. and Yocum, C.F. 1987. Selective depletion of water soluble polypeptides associated with photosystem II. In: Biggins J. (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research. Vol. I, pp 685–688, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wales, R., Newman, B.J., Pappin, D. and Gray, J.C. 1989. The extrinsic 33 kDa polypeptide of photosystem II is a putative calcium binding protein and is encoded by a multi gene family in pea. Plant Mol. Biol. 12: 439–451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.N. and Gray, J.C. 1989. Detection of calcium binding by photosystem II polypeptides immobilized onto introcellulose membrane. FEBS Lett. 249: 79–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, T., Suter, F., Fuller, R.C. and Zuber, H. 1985. The complete amino acid sequence of the bacteriochlorophyll c binding polypeptide from chlorosomes of the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. FEBS Lett. 181: 173–178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, J., Subramaniam, S. and Govindjee, 1996. Modeling of the D1/D2 proteins and cof actors of the PS II reaction center: Implication for herbicide and bicarbonate binding. Protein Science 5: 2054–2073.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q.A. and Bricker, T.M. 1992. Structural organization of proteins on the oxidizing side of photosystem II: Two molecules of the 33 kDa manganese stabilizing protein per reaction center. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25816–25821.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q.A., Nelson, J. and Bricker, T.M. 1994. Secondary structure of the 33 kDa, extrinsic protein of photosystem II: a far UV circular dichroism study. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1188: 427–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi, N., Takahashi, Y. and Satoh, K., 1988. Isolation and characterization of a photosystem II core complex depleted in the 43 kDa chlorophyll binding subunit. Plant Cell Physiol. 29: 123–129.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, Y, Ueda, T., Shinkai, H. and Nishimura, M. 1982. Preparation of oxygen evolving photosystem II subchloroplasts from spinach. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 679: 347–350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum, C.F. 1991. Calcium activation of photosynthetic water oxidation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1059: 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuber, H., Brunisholz, R. and Sidler, W. 1987. Structure and function of light harvesting pigment protein complexes. In: Photosynthesis: Amesz J. (ed) pp 233–271, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ghanotakis, D.F., Tsiotis, G., Bricker, T.M. (1999). Polypeptides of Photosystem II: Structure and function. In: Singhal, G.S., Renger, G., Sopory, S.K., Irrgang, KD., Govindjee (eds) Concepts in Photobiology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4832-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4832-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6026-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4832-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics