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How Higher Plants Respond to Excess Light: Energy dissipation in photosystem II

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Concepts in Photobiology

Summary

In this chapter we present current views concerning the adaptation and acclimation of the higher plant photosynthetic apparatus to excess light levels. The primary focus is at the level of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane which is where the primary events of photosynthetic energy transduction occur. We first summarize our current understanding the molecular composition and macromolecular organization of Photosystem II (PS II) because these factors pertain directly to photosynthetic function during environmental stress. We then discuss the biochemical and biophysical interpretations obtained from the most commonly used tool for probing the photosynthetic function of PS II, namely PS II chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence. We explain how PS II Chl a fluorescence yield measurements have provided insights into the dynamic relationships between the primary photosynthetic light-energy transduction processes and the important light adaptation and acclimation strategies utilized by PS II. The basic biochemical and biophysical aspects of the light-energy dissipation, avoidance and damage-repair mechanisms that influence PS II function are discussed in relation to a physiological gradient of increasing environmental stress. The future areas of research interest and importance regarding the optimization and preservation of PS II function during environmental stress are also briefly highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photobioenergetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Adam M. Gilmore

  2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Govindjee

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  1. Adam M. Gilmore
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    G. S. Singhal

  2. Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany

    G. Renger  & K.-D. Irrgang  & 

  3. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    S. K. Sopory

  4. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Govindjee

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Gilmore, A.M., Govindjee (1999). How Higher Plants Respond to Excess Light: Energy dissipation in photosystem II. In: Singhal, G.S., Renger, G., Sopory, S.K., Irrgang, KD., Govindjee (eds) Concepts in Photobiology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4832-0_16

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