Skip to main content

Allelic Variation at the MN Locus Varies with Climatic Variation in Africans and Native Americans

  • Chapter
Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Modern Perspectives
  • 203 Accesses

Abstract

Allelic frequencies of the MN blood group and environmental data from 30 African population samples were tested with multiple regression to test the hypothesis that MN frequencies vary with climate. Allelic frequencies were related to environmental variation (P < 0.01), and factor analysis of the data generated the hypothesis that the M allele of the MN polymorphism increased in frequency with decreasing environmental temperatures.

The hypothesis that the M allele increases with decreasing environmental temperatures was tested with genetic data from Native Americans. Variation of the frequency of the M allele was described with a multiple regression using latitude, elevation, and measures of rainfall, sunlight intensity, and temperature. The pattern was similar to that seen in Africa; the frequency of the M allele increased in relatively cold sites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ananthakrishnan, R., and H. Water. 1972. Some notes on the geographical distribution of the human red cell acid Phosphatase phenotypes. Humangenetik 15: 177–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, A. C. 1954a. The distribution of the sickle-cell trait in East Africa and elsewhere, and its apparent relationship to the incidence of subtertian malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine Hygiene 48: 312–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, A. C. 1954b. Protection afforded by sickle-cell trait against subtertian malarial infection. British Medical Journal 1: 290–294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, A. C. 1955. Aspects of polymorphism in man. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology 20: 239–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, F. L., and F. M. Salzano. 1981. Evidence for heterosis in the HLA system. American Journal of Human Genetics 33: 894–899.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., and F. Cavalli-Sforza. 1995. The Great Human Diasporas. The History of Diversity and Population. Helix Books, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., and W. F. Bodmer. 1971. The Genetics of Human Populations. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., P. Menozzi, and A. Piazzi. 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedrick, P. W., T. S. Whittam, and P. Parham. 1991. Heterozygosity at individual amino acid sites: extremely high levels for HLA-A antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 88: 5897–5901.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiemaux, J. 1968. La Diversite Humain En Afrique Subsaharienne. Brussels, Public avec le concours de la Foundation Universitaire de Belgique, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiernaux, J. 1975. The People of Africa. Scribner, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A. V. S., C. E. Allsopp, D. Kwaitkowski, N. M. Anstey, P. Twumasi, P. A. Rowe, S. Bennett, D. Brewster, A. J. McMichael, and B. M. Greenwood. 1991. Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature 352: 595–600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkinson, D. A., N. Spencer, and H. Harris. 1964. Genetical studies on human red cell acid Phosphatase. American Journal of Human Genetics 16: 141–154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, A. L., and M. Nei. 1988. Patterns of nucleotide substitutions at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Nature 335: 167–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, A. L., and M. Nei. 1989. Nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class II loci: evidence for overdominant selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 86: 958–962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landsberg, H. E., H. Lippmann, K. H. Paffen, and C. Troll. 1966. World Maps of Climatology. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markow, T., P. W. Hedrick, K. Zuerlein, J. Danilovs, J. Martin, T. Vyvial, and C. Armstrong. 1993. HLA polymorphism in the Havasupai: evidence for balancing selection. American Journal of Human Genetics 53: 943–952.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menozzi, P., A. Piazzi, and L. Cavalli-Sforza. 1978. Synthetic maps of human gene frequencies in Europeans. Science 201: 786–792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitton, J. B. 1997. Selection in Natural Populations. Oxford University Press, Oxsford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mourant, A. E., A. C. Kopec, and K. Domaniewska-Sobczak. 1976. The Distribution of the Human Blood Groups and other Polymorphisms. Oxford University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piazzi, A., P. Menozzi, and L. L. Cavalli-Sforza. 1981. Synthetic gene frequency maps of man and selective effects of climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 78: 2638–2642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Race, R. R., and R. Sanger. 1968. Blood Groups in Man. 5th edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, XXViii. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPSS. 1990. SPSS Reference Guide. SPSS Inc., Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spuhler, J. N. 1972. Genetic, linguistic, and geographical distances in native North America. In J. S. Weiner and J. Huizinga, eds., The Assessment of Population Affinities in Man. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 72–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. E., and J. B. Mitton. 1974. Multivariate analysis of genetic variation. Genetics 76: 575–585.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton, A. R. 1982. Adaptation and the integration of evolutionary forces. In R. Milkman, ed., Perspectives on Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp 15–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, B. W. 1965. The Climate of Africa. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Times Atlas of the World, 1992. Times Books, Random House, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, F. 1970. ABO blood groups and disease. American Journal of Human Genetics 22: 464–475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, F., and M. R. Chakravarti. 1966. ABO blood groups and smallpox in a rural population of West Bengal and Bihar (India). Humangenetik 3: 166–180.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, J. S., and J. Huizinga, eds. 1972. The Assessment of Population Affinities in Man. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mitton, J.B. (1999). Allelic Variation at the MN Locus Varies with Climatic Variation in Africans and Native Americans. In: Wasser, S.P. (eds) Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Modern Perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4830-6_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4830-6_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6025-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4830-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics