Abstract
The Cosmic-Ray Isotope Spectrometer is designed to cover the highest decade of the Advanced Composition Explorer’s energy interval, from ∼50 to ∼500 MeV nucl-1, with isotopic resolution for elements from Z ≃ 2 to Z ≃ 30. The nuclei detected in this energy interval are predominantly cosmic rays originating in our Galaxy. This sample of galactic matter can be used to investigate the nucleosynthesis of the parent material, as well as fractionation, acceleration, and transport processes that these particles undergo in the Galaxy and in the interplanetary medium.
Charge and mass identification with CRIS is based on multiple measurements of dE/dx and total energy in stacks of silicon detectors, and trajectory measurements in a scintillating optical fiber trajectory (SOFT) hodoscope. The instrument has a geometrical factor of ∼r250 cm2 sr for isotope measurements, and should accumulate ∼ 5 × 106 stopping heavy nuclei (Z > 2) in two years of data collection under solar minimum conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahlen, S. P.: 1980, ‘Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of the Energy Loss of Relativistic Heavily Ionizing Particles’, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 121–173.
Allbritton, G. A., Andersen, H., Barnes, A., Christian, E. R., Cummings, A. C., Dougherty, B. L., Jensen, L., Lee, J., Leske, R. A., Madden, M. P., Mewaldt, R., Milliken, B., Nahory, B. W., O’Donnell, R., Schmidt, P., Sears, B. R., von Rosenvinge, T. T., Walton, J. T., Wiedenbeck, M. E., and Wong, Y. K.: 1996, ‘Large-Diameter Lithium Compensated Silicon Detectors for the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) Mission’, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 43, 1505–1509.
Althouse, W E., Cummings, A. C., Garrard, T. L., Mewaldt, R. A., Stone, E. C., and Vogt, R. E.: 1978, ‘A Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer’, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electronics GE-16, 204–207.
Barnett, R. M. et al.: 1996, ‘Review of Particle Properties’, Phys. Rev. D54, 1.
Berezinskiĭ, V. S., Bulanov, S. V., Dogiel, V. A., Ginzburg, V. L., and Ptuskin, V. S.: 1990, The Astrophysics of Cosmic Rays, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Breneman, H. H. and Stone, E. C.: 1985, ‘Solar Coronal and Photospheric Abundances from Solar Energetic Particle Measurements’, Astrophys. J. 199, L51–L61.
Cassé, M. and Paul, J. A.: 1982, ‘On The Stellar Origin of the 22Ne Excess in Cosmic Rays’, Astrophys. J. 258, 860–863.
Connell, J. J. and Simpson, J. A.: 1995, ‘The Ulysses Cosmic Ray Isotope Experiment: Isotopic Abundances of Fe and Ni from High Resolution Measurements’, Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Rome 2, 602–605.
Connell, J. J. and Simpson, J. A.: 1997a, ‘High Resolution Measurements of the Isotopic Composition of Galactic Cosmic Ray C., N, O, Ne, Mg, and Si from the Ulysses HET’, Proc. 25th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Durban 3, 381–384.
Connell, J. J. and Simpson, J. A.: 1997b, ‘26A1 in the Galactic Cosmic Radiation: Measurements with the Ulysses HET Instrument’, Proc. 25th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf, Durban 3, 393–396.
Cook, W. R., Cummings, A., Kecman, B., Mewaldt, R. A., Aalami, D., Kleinfelder, S. A., and Marshall, J. H.: 1993a, in B. Tsuratani (ed.), ‘Custom Analog VLSI for the Advanced Composition Explorer’, Small Instruments Workshop Proc., Pasadena, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Cook, W. R., Cummings, A. C., Cummings, J. R., Garrard, T. L., Kecman, B., Mewaldt, R. A., Selesnick, R. S., Stone, E. C., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1993b, ‘MAST: A Mass Spectrometer Telescope for Studies of the Isotopic Composition of Solar, Anomalous, and Galactic Cosmic Ray Nuclei’, IEEE. Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 31, 557–564.
Crary, D. J., Binns, W. R., Cummings, A. C., Klarmann, J., Lawrence, D. J., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 1992, ‘A Bevalac Calibration of a Scintillating Optical Fiber Hodoscope’, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A316, 311–317.
Davis, A. J., Hink, P. L., Binns, W. R., Epstein, J. W, Connell, J. J., Israel, M. H., Klarmann, J., Vylet, V., Kaplan, D. H., and Ruecroft, S.: 1989, ‘Scintillating Optical Fiber Trajectory Detectors’, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A276, 347–358.
Dougherty, B. L., Christian, E. R., Cummings, A. C., Leske, R. A., Mewaldt, R. A., Milliken, B. D., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Wiedenbeck, M. E.: 1996, in B. A. Ramsey and T. A. Parnell (eds.), ‘Characterization of Large-Area Silicon Ionization Detectors for the ACE Mission’, Gamma-Ray and Cosmic-Ray Detectors, Techniques, and Missions, Proc. SPIE 2806, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Denver, pp. 188–198.
DuVernois, M. A. and Thayer, M. R.: 1996, ‘The Elemental Composition of the Galactic Cosmic-Ray Source: Ulysses High-Energy Telescope Results’, Astrophys. J. 465, 982–984.
DuVernois, M. A., Garcia-Muñoz, M., Pyle, K. R., Simpson, J. A., and Thayer, M. R.: 1996, ‘The Isotopic Composition of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Elements from Carbon to Silicon: the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite Investigation’, Astrophys. J. 466, 457–472.
Ellison, D. C., Drury, L. O’C, and Meyer, J.-R: 1998, ‘Cosmic Rays from Supernova Remnants: A Brief Description of the Shock Acceleration of Gas and Dust’, Space Sci. Rev. 86, 203.
Engelmann, J. J., Ferrando, P., Soutoul, A., Goret, P., Juliusson, E., Koch-Miramond, L., Lund, N., Masse, P., Peters, B., Petrou, N., and Rasmussen, I. L.: 1990, ‘Charge Composition and Energy Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Nuclei for Elements from Be to Ni. Results from HEAO-3-C2’, Astron. Astrophys. 233, 96–111.
Fisher, A. J., Hagen, F. A., Maehl, R. C., Ormes, J. F., and Arens, J. E: 1976, ‘The Isotopic Composition of Cosmic Rays with 5 ≤ Z ≤ 26’, Astrophys. J. 205, 938–946.
Garcia-Munoz, M., Mason, G. M., and Simpson, J. A.: 1977, ‘The Isotopic Composition of Galactic Cosmic Ray Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron’, Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Plovdiv 1, 301–306.
Halpern, E. and Marshall, J. H.: 1968, ‘A High Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Use in Outer Space’, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-15, 242–251.
Halpern, E., Marshall, J. H., and Weeks, D.: 1968, ‘A Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Space Applications’, Nucleonics in Aerospace, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 98–106.
Harrington, T. M. and Marshall, J. H.: 1968, ‘A Pulse-Height Analyzer for Charged Particle Spectroscopy on the Lunar Surface’, Rev. Sci. Instr. 39, 184–194.
Harrington, T. M. and Marshall, J. H.: 1969, ‘An Electronics System for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry in Space Applications’, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-16, 314–321.
Harrington, T.M., Marshall, J.H., Arnold, J.R., Peterson, L.E., Trombka, J.I., and Metzger, A.E.: 1974, ‘The Apollo Gamma-Ray Spectrometer’, Nucl. Instr. Meth. 118, 401–411.
Hink, P. L., Binns, W. R., Klarmann, J., and Olevitch, M. A.: 1996, ‘The ACE-CRIS Scintillating Optical Fiber Trajectory (SOFT) Detector: A Calibration at the NSCL’, in B. A. Ramsey and T. A. Parnell (eds.), Gamma-Ray and Cosmic-Ray Detectors, Techniques, and Missions, Proc. SPIE 2806, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Denver, pp. 199–208.
Hubert, F., Bimbot, R., and Gauvin, H.: 1990, ‘Range and Stopping-Power Tables for 2.5–500 MeV/Nucleon Heavy Ions In Solids’, Atom. Dat. Nucl. Dat. Tables 46, 1–213.
Leske, R. A.: 1993, ‘The Elemental and Isotopic Composition of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Nuclei from Scandium through Nickel’, Astrophys. J. 405, 567–583.
Leske, R. A. and Wiedenbeck, M. E.: 1993, ‘Composition Measurements from ISEE-3: Fluorine through Calcium’, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary 1, 571–574.
Letaw, J. R., Adams, J. H., Silberberg, R., and Tsao, C. H.: 1985, ‘Electron-Capture Decay of Cosmic Rays’, Astrophys. Space Sci. 114, 365–379.
Letaw, J. R., Silberberg, R., and Tsao, C. H.: 1993, ‘Comparison of Distributed Reacceleration and Leaky-Box Models of Cosmic-Ray Abundances (3 ≤ Z ≤ 28)’, Astrophys. J. 414, 601–611.
Lukasiak, A., McDonald, F. B., and Webber, W. R.: 1997, ‘Study of Elemental and Isotopic Composition of Cosmic Ray Nuclei Ca, Ti, V., Cr, Mn and Fe’, Proc. 25th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Durban 3, 357–360.
Lund, N.: 1989, in C. J. Waddington (ed.), ‘The Abundances in the Cosmic Radiation (The Elements Lighter than Ge)’, Proceedings of the Symposium on Cosmic Abundances of Matter, AIP Conf. Proc. 183, American Institute of Physics Press, Minneapolis, pp. 111–123.
Mewaldt, R. A.: 1989, in C. J. Waddington (ed.), ‘The Abundances of Isotopes in the Cosmic Radiation’, Proceedings of the Symposium on Cosmic Abundances of Matter, AIP Conf. Proc. 183, American Institute of Physics Press, Minneapolis, pp. 124–146.
Meyer, J.-P: 1985, ‘Solar-Stellar Outer Atmospheres and Energetic Particles, and Galactic Cosmic Rays’, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 57, 173–204.
Meyer, J.-P, Drury, L. O’C, and Ellison, D. C.: 1998, ‘A Cosmic Ray Composition Controlled by Volatility and A/Q Ratio. SNR Shock Acceleration of Gas and Dust’, Space Sci. Rev. 86, 179.
Payne, M. G.: 1969, ‘Energy Straggling of Heavy Charged Particles in Thick Absorbers’, Phys. Rev. 185, 611–623.
Ptuskin, V. and Soutoul, A.: 1998, ‘Cosmic Ray Clocks’, Space Sci. Rev. 86, 225.
Rossi, B.: 1952, High-Energy Particles, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, p. 31.
Soutoul, A., Cassé, M., and Juliusson, E.: 1978, ‘Time Delay Between the Nucleosynthesis of Cosmic Rays and Their Acceleration to Relativistic Energies’, Astrophys. J. 219, 753–755.
Stone, E. C.: 1989, in C. J. Waddington (ed.), ‘Solar Abundances as Derived from Solar Energetic Particles’, Proceedings of the Symposium on Cosmic Abundances of Matter, AIP Conf. Proc. 183, American Institute of Physics Press, Minneapolis, pp. 72–90.
Stone, E. C. and Wiedenbeck, M. E.: 1979, ‘A Secondary Tracer Approach to the Derivation of Galactic Cosmic Ray Source Isotopic Abundances’, Astrophys. J. 231, 606–623.
Stone, E. C., Cohen, C. M. S., Cook, W. R., Cummings, A. C., Gauld, B., Kecman, B., Leske, R. A., Mewaldt, R. A., Thayer, M. R., Dougherty, B. L., Grumm, R. L., Milliken, B. D., Radocinski, R. G., Wiedenbeck, M. E., Christian, E. R., Shuman, S., von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1998: ‘The Solar Isotope Spectrometer for the Advanced Composition Explorer’, Space Sci. Rev. 86, 357.
Thayer, M. R.: 1997, ‘An Investigation into Sulfur Isotopes in the Galactic Cosmic Rays’, Astrophys. J. 482, 792–795.
Webber, W. R., Lukasiak, A., McDonald, F. B., and Ferrando, P.: 1996, ‘New High-Statistical-High-Resolution Measurements of the Cosmic-Ray CNO Isotopes from a 17-Year Study Using the Voyager 1 and 2 Spacecraft’, Astrophys. J. 457, 435–439.
Webber, W.R., Lukasiak, A., and McDonald, F. B.: 1997, ‘Voyager Measurements of the Mass Composition of Cosmic-Ray Ne, Mg, Si, and S Isotopes’, Astrophys. J. 476, 766–770.
Wiedenbeck, M. E. and Greiner, D. E.: 1980, ‘A Cosmic-Ray Age Based on the Abundance of 10Be’, Astrophys. J. 239, L139–L142.
Zaerpoor, K., Chan, Y. D., DiGregorio, D. E., Dragowsky, M. R., Hindi, M. M., Isaac, M. C. P., Krane, K. S., Larimer, R. M., Macciavelli, A. O., Macleod, R. W., Miocinovic, P., and Norman, E. B.: 1997, ‘Galactic Confinement Time of Iron-Group Cosmic Rays Derived from the 54Mn Chronometer’, Phys. Rev. Letters 79, 4306–4309.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stone, E.C. et al. (1998). The Cosmic-Ray Isotope Spectrometer for the Advanced Composition Explorer. In: Russell, C.T., Mewaldt, R.A., Von Rosenvinge, T.T. (eds) The Advanced Composition Explorer Mission. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4762-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4762-0_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6001-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4762-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive