Abstract
There have been many changes in the way the international community has examined the issues of economic growth, human development, and environmental protection during the past 25 years. When the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm in 1972, there were sharp, often acrimonious conflicts in the general perception of industrialized countries versus developing countries. The issues were diverse, but by and large, industrialized countries focused on the environmental threat posed by economic growth and industrial pollution, while developing countries viewed poverty or the absence of economic growth as a bigger threat to their societal welfare than environmental problems. Natural resources, including forests, became the focus of this great divide in the perspective between the industrialized and developing worlds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arrow, K., Bolin, B., Constanza, R., Dasgupta, P., Folke, C., Holling, C.S., Jansson, B-O., Levin, S., Mäler, K-G., Perrings, C. and Pimentel, D. 1995. Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment. Science 268: 520–521.
Ayres, R. 1997. Eco-Efficiency, Double Dividends, and the Sustainable Firm. A Working Paper of INSEAD’s Centre for the Management of Environmental Resources. INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.
Bongaarts, J. 1996. Population Growth Scenarios and Policy Options. UNU/institute of Advanced Studies. Working Paper 2. UNU/IAS, Tokyo.
Brown, K. and Pearce, D. (eds.) 1994. Causes of Tropical Deforestation. UCL Press, London.
Brown, L. and Kane, H. 1994. Full House: Reassessing The Earth’s Population Carrying Capacity. W.W. Norton Co., New York.
Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs 1994. The Politics and Ethics of Global Environmental Leadership. Report of the US-Japan Task Force on the Environment. Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, New York.
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) 1997. Global Change and Sustainable Development: Critical Trends. Special Report to the Fifth Session of CSD. United Nations, New York.
FAO 1995. World Agriculture: Towards 2010. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester and FAO, Rome.
Fesharaki, F. 1995. Energy Outlook to 2010: Asia-Pacific Demand, Supply, and Climate Change Implications. East-West Center, Hawaii.
Greider, W. 1997. One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism. Simon & Schuster, New York.
Groenewegen, P., Fischer, K., Jenkins, E. and Schot, J. (eds.) 1993. Environmental Strategies for Industry. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Haas, P. 1990. Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation. Columbia University Press, New York.
Hart, S. 1997. Beyond Greening: Strategies for a Sustainable World. Harvard Business Review January-February 1997.
Humphreys, D. 1996. The Global Politics of Forest Conservation Since the UNCED. Environmental Politics 5(2).
International Energy Agency (IEA) 1996. World Energy Outlook. IEA, Paris.
International Finance Corporation (IFC) 1997. Global Development Finance. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 1995. A 2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment: The Vision, Challenge, and Recommended Action. IFPRI, Washington, D.C.
Kuttner, R. 1997. Everything for Sale: The Virtues and Limits of Markets. Alfred Knopf, New York.
Mathews, J.T. 1997. Power Shift. Foreign Affairs 76(1): 50–66.
Myers, N. 1993. Ultimate Security: The Environmental Basis of Political Stability. W.W. Norton & Co., New York.
Nakicenovic, N. 1996. Energy and Sustainable Development. UNU/institute of Advanced Studies. Working Paper 5. UNU/ IAS, Tokyo.
Palo, M., Lehto, E. and Uusivuori, J. 1997. Review of Underlying Causes of Tropical Deforestation. Research Paper Presented at the XI World Forestry Congress in Antalya, Turkey, 15 October 1997.
Plucknett, D. and Winkelmann, D. 1996. Technology for Sustainable Agriculture. Key Technologies for the 21st Century. WH. Freeman & Co., New York.
Porter, G. 1995. Environmental Security as a National Security Issue. Current History 94(592): 218–222.
Princen, T. and Finger, M. 1996. Environmental NGOs: Carving Out a New Niche. No. 22. Autumn, 1996.
Rosegrant, M. 1996. Water Resources in the 21st Century: Increasing Scarcity, Declining Quality, and Implications for Action. UNU/institute of Advanced Studies. Working Paper 3. UNU/IAS, Tokyo.
Sassen, S. 1996. Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. Columbia University Press, New York.
Serageldin, I. 1996. Sustainability and the Wealth of Nations: First Steps in an Ongoing Journey. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Shafik, N. 1994. Macroeconomic Causes of Deforestation: Barking Up the Wrong Tree? In K. Brown and D. Pearce (eds.), Causes of Tropical Deforestation. UCL Press, London.
The Urban Environment 1996. A Special Reprint from World Resources 1996-1997. World Resources Institute, UNEP, UNDP, and the World Bank. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.
UN Environment Programme 1997. Global Environment Outlook. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.
United Nations Secretariat 1998. World Population Projections to 2150. Report of the Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. UN, New York.
World Bank 1994. Averting the Old Age Crisis. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
World Bank 1996. World Development Report — From Plan to Market. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
World Energy Council (WEC) 1995. Proceedings of the World Energy Congress. WEC, Tokyo and London.
World Resources Institute (WRI) 1991. Accounts Overdue: Natural Resource Depreciation in Costa Rica. WRI, Washington,D.C.
World Trade Organization (WTO) 1997. International Trade Outlook. WTO, Geneva.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Senta, T.D., Park, J. (1999). Global Threats and Opportunities. In: Palo, M., Uusivuori, J. (eds) World Forests, Society and Environment. World Forests, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4746-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4746-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5321-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4746-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive