Abstract
By landing unmanned or manned research stations on the surface of planets, moons, comets and asteroids in-situ characterization of these bodies becomes possible. Typically the scientific objective of lander missions includes measurements selected from the following list:
-
• generation of images for studying morphological properties of the site and for obtaining mineralogical information (multispectral imaging)
-
• chemical analysis of surface matter: bulk elemental abundance, isotopes, minerals, ices, carbonaceous compounds, organic, volatiles
-
• determination of structure and physical properties of the surface: topography, texture, roughness, regolith scales, mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties, temperatures.
-
• measurements characterizing local depth structure (stratigraphy), and global internal structure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Heiken, G., Vaniman, D., French, B. (eds.): The Lunar Sourcebook, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Bazilevski, A., Moskaleva, L.: Exploring the Solar System: Unmanned Lunar Missions — Soviet Programmes, in Rycroft, M. (editor) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Gromov, V.V. et al.: Trafficability Estimation Instrument TEI-4V — Technical Description and Technical Manual, VNIITransmash Internal Report 00453-14-0002 TO.
Kemurdjian, A.L. (editor): Planetokhdij, Mashinostrojenie, 1993.
Schurmeier, H.M., Heacock, R.L., Wolfe, A.E.: The Ranger Missions to the Moon, Scientific American 214 No. 1 (1966), 52–67.
Spudis, P.: The Moon, in Beatty, J. and Chaikin, A. (eds.) The New Solar System, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Gillis, J., Spudis, P.: The Composition and Geologic Setting of Lunar Far Side Maria, Proceedings of 1996 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Session on Generation and Emplacement of Lunar Mare Basalts.
Binder, A.: Lunar Prospector’s Polar Orbit Mapping Mission, Annales Geophysicae, Supplement III to Volume 16 (1998).
Nakajima, T. et al.: Lunar Penetrator Program: LUNAR-A, Acta Astronautica Vol. 39, No. 1-4, pp. 111–119, 1996.
Nagae, Y, Takizawa, Y., Sasaki; S.: The System Concept of SELENE, Proceedings 3rd IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Pasadena 1998.
Ockels, W.J.: Euromoon 2000, ISBN No 92-9092-428-4, 1996.
Burgess, E.: Venus — An Errant Twin, New York: Columbia University Press 1985.
Surkov, Y.: Exploration of the Terrestrial Planets from Spacecraft, Chichester: Ellis Horwood 1990.
Masson, P.: Exploring the Solar System: Mars, in Rycroft, M. (editor) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Masursky, H., Crabill; N.L.: Viking Landing Sites: Selection and Certification, Science 193, 809–812, Aug. 1976.
Soffen, G.A.: The Viking Project, 7. Geophys. Res. 82, No 28, p. 3959–3970, 1977.
Soffen, G.A., Snyder; C.W.: First Viking Mission to Mars, Science 193, p. 759–766, Aug. 1976.
Soffen, G.A.: Scientific Results of the Viking Mission, Science 194, No 4271, p. 1274–1276, Dec. 1976.
Carr, M.H.: Mars, A Water Rich Planet, Ikarus, 56, p. 187–216, 1986.
Spear, A., Golombek, M.: Mars Pathfinder Project Progress Report, Acta Astronautica Vol. 39, No. 1-4, pp. 91–99, 1996.
Golombek, M. et al.: Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission and Assessment of Landing Site Predictions, Science 278, 5344 (1997).
Mishkin, A. et al.: Experiences with Operations and Autonomy of the Mars Pathfinder Microrover, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Aerospace Conference.
Rieder, R. et al.: The Chemical Composition of Martian Soil and Rocks Returned by the Mobile Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer: Preliminary Results from the X-ray Mode, Science 278, 5344 (1997).
Sutton, P.D., Lowrie, J.W., Wahl, BE.: 1998 Mars Surveyor Lander and Orbiter Missions/Spacecraft, Proceedings 3rd IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Pasadena 1998.
Sagdeev, R.Z., Balebanov, V.M., Zakharov; A.V.: The Phobos Project: Scientific Objectives and Experimental Methods, Sov. Sci. Rev., E. Astrophys. Space Phys., Vol 6, pp. 1–60, 1988.
Sagdeev, R.Z., Sakharov; A.V.: Brief History of the Phobos Mission, Nature, Vol 341, No 6243, pp. 581–585, 1989.
Whipple, F.L.: The Cometary Nucleus: Current Concepts. Astronomy and Astrophysics 187, 852–858 (1987).
Greenberg, J.M.: What are Comets made of? A Model based on Interstellar Dust. In Comets, ed. L.L. Wilkening. University of Arizona Press, 1982, pp. 131-163.
Schwerem, G.: Rosetta: The Comet Rendezvous Mission, ESA-SP. 1179, p. 28-30, 1995.
Wittmann, K., Feuerbacher, B., Ulamec, S., Rosenbauer, H., Bibring, J.P., Moura, D.,Mugnuolo, R., diPippo, S., Szego, K. and Haerendel, G.: Rosetta Lander: In Situ Characterization of a Comet Nucleus, Proceedings 3rd IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Pasadena 1998.
Muirhead, B.K.: Comet Landerand Sample Return Technology Demonstration Mission, Presentation at the 3rd IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Pasadena 1998.
Kawaguchi, J., Uesugi, K.T., Fujiwara, A., Saitoh, H.: The Muses-C, Mission Description and Its Status, Proceedings 3rd IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Pasadena 1998.
Ulamec, S., Block, J., Fenzi, M., Feuerbacher, B., Haerendel, G., Hemmerich, G.P., Maibaum, M., Rosenbauer, H., Schiewe, B., Schmidt, H.P., Schütze, R., Wittmann, K.: Roland: A Long-Term Lander for the Rosetta Mission, Space Technol. Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 59–64, 1997.
Carrier, W.D., Olhoeft, G., Mendell, W.: Physical Properties of the Lunar Surface: Trafficability, in Heiken, G., Vaniman, D., French, B. (eds.) Lunar Sourcebook, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Rieder, R.: In Intermarsnet, Report on the Phase A Study, ESA SCI (96) 2, 1996.
Richter, L., et al.: Mobile Micro-Robots for Scientific Instrument Deployment on Planets, Robotics and Autonomous Systems 23 (1998), pp. 107–115.
Gromov, V.V. et al.: The Mobile Penetrometer, Proceedings of the 7th European Space Mechanisms Symposium, ESA SP-410.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wittmann, K., Ulamec, S., Richter, L. (1999). Lander Systems for Planetary Missions. In: Ehrenfreund, P., Krafft, C., Kochan, H., Pirronello, V. (eds) Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 236. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4728-6_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4728-6_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5988-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4728-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive