Abstract
Mangrove forest cover in the Philippines has substantially declined in recent years primarily due to logging and conversion to fish ponds, and, more recently, to pollution and reclamation. From about 500,000 ha in the 1920s, only about 120,500 ha remained in 1994 (Forest Management Bureau 1996). To date fish ponds cover about 289,000 ha, with 80-90% in areas once covered with mangroves (de Leon and White 1997). Despite a national law (Presidential Proclamation No. 2152 of 29 December 1981) prohibiting the cutting of mangroves and a government ban (Department of Environment and Natural Resources Administrative Order No 15 s1990) on further conversion of mangroves to fish ponds, the reduction of mangroves continued at a rate of about 3,000 ha-1 yr-1 or 2.4% yr-1 from 1990 to 1994 (Environmental Management Bureau 1996).
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cadiz, P. and R.O.D. de Leon. 1997. Mangrove Reforestation, pp. 62–71 In HP. Calumpong (ed.) Assessment of the Central Visayas Regional Project-I: Nearshore Fisheries Component. Silliman University Marine Laboratory, Dumaguete City, Philippines.
Calumpong, H.P. 1996. The Central Visayas Regional Project: Lessons Learned. Tambuli. pp. 12–17 In Coastal Resources Management Project, Tetra Tech Inc., Cebu City, Philippines.
Central Visayas Regional Project Office. 1991. Barangay Household/Adoption Profiles:Nearshore Fisheries. Cebu City, Philippines.
Central Visayas Regional Project-Phase I. 1991. Annual Progress Report. Cebu City, Philippines.
Coastal Environment Program-Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 7. 1995. CEP Dossier. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 7-Ecosystem Research and Development Service-Coastal Environment Program, Banilad, Mandaue City, Philippines.
de Leon, R.O.D. and A.T. White. 1997. Mangrove Resource Decline in the Philippines: Government and Community Look for New Solutions. Intercoast Network. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. Special Edition 1:4–5, 38.
de los Angeles, M.S. and R. Pelayo. 1995. The Nearshore Fisheries in Central Visayas, Philippines: An Impact Evaluation Report on the Central Visayas Regional Project-I (CVRP-1). pp. 131–149 In Juinio-Meflez and G.F. Newkirk (eds.) Philippine Coastal Resources Under Stress: Selected Papers from the Fourth Annual Common Property Conference held in Manila, Philippines, June 16-19,1993. Coastal Resources Research Network, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada and Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Dixon, J.A. 1989. Valuation of Mangroves. Tropical Coastal Area Management Newsletter. ICLARM, Manila, Philippines 4(3):1–6.
Environmental Management Bureau. 1996. Philippine Environmental Quality Report 1990–1995, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Quezon City, Philippines.
Fishery Sector Program. 1996. Executive Summary: Fisheries Sector Program Review. Report compiled by Primex Inc., Manila, Philippines.
Forest Management Bureau. 1996. 1994 Philippine Forestry Statistics, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Quezon City, Philippines.
Shatz, R.E. 1991. Economic Rent Study for the Philippines Fisheries Sector Program. Asian Development Bank. TA 1208-PHI, Manila, Philippines.
Umali, R.M. 1987. Planning and Management Approaches for Mangrove Exploitation. In CD. Field and A.J. Dartnall (eds). Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia and the Pacific: Status, Exploitation and Management. Australian Institute of Marine Science on Behalf of the Australian Committee for Mangrove Research, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Vande Vusse, F. 1993. NPCO Mangrove contract reforestation monitoring results by Province and Region as of 24 March 1993. Report submitted to Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Manila, Philippines.
Yao, C.E. 1986. Mangrove reforestation in Central Visayas. Canopy International 12: 6–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Leon, R.O.D., White, A.T. (1999). Mangrove Rehabilitation in the Philippines. In: Streever, W. (eds) An International Perspective on Wetland Rehabilitation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4683-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4683-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5972-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4683-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive