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Pressure Effects on Lyotropic Lipid Mesophases and Model Membrane Systems — Effects on the Structure, Phase Behaviour and Kinetics of Phase Transformations

  • Chapter
High Pressure Molecular Science

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NSSE,volume 358))

Abstract

Amphiphilic lipid molecules, which provide valuable model systems for lyotropic mesophases and biomembranes, display a variety of polymorphic phases, depending on their molecular structure and environmental conditions, such as the water content, pH, ionic strength, temperature and pressure [1–5]. The basic structural element of biological membranes consists of a lamellar phospholipid bilayer matrix. Due to the large hydrophobic effect, most phospholipid bilayers associate in water already at very low concentrations (< 10−12 mol·L−1). Saturated phospholipids often exhibit two thermotropic lamellar phase transitions, a gel to gel (Lβ′/Pβ′) pretransition and a gel to liquid-crystalline (Pβ′/Lα) main transition at a higher temperature T m (see Fig. 1). In the fluid-like Lα-phase, the acyl chains of the lipid bilayers are conformationally disordered, whereas in the gel phases, the chains are more extended and ordered. In addition to these thermotropic phase transitions, also pressure-induced phase transformations have been observed (see, e.g., [6–20]). Upon compression, the lipids adopt to volume restriction by changing their conformation and packing system. When such adjustments are no longer possible, any further increase in pressure results mainly in a reduction of bond lengths, which affects the frequency of the stretching vibrations in the IR spectra. It is now well-known that many biological lipid molecules also form non-lamellar liquid-crystalline phases (see Fig. 1) [1–5,21–23]. Lipids, which can adopt the hexagonal phase are present at substantial levels in biological membranes, usually at least 30 mol% of total lipids. For the double-chain lipids found in membranes, the polar/apolar interface curves towards the water (such phases are called inverted or type II). Some lipid extracts, such as those from archaebacteria (S. solfataricus), exhibit a cubic liquid-crystalline phase [24,25].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany

    R. Winter, A. Gabke, J. Erbes & C. Czeslik

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  1. R. Winter
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  2. A. Gabke
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Roland Winter

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Jiri Jonas

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Winter, R., Gabke, A., Erbes, J., Czeslik, C. (1999). Pressure Effects on Lyotropic Lipid Mesophases and Model Membrane Systems — Effects on the Structure, Phase Behaviour and Kinetics of Phase Transformations. In: Winter, R., Jonas, J. (eds) High Pressure Molecular Science. NATO Science Series, vol 358. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4669-2_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4669-2_20

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