Abstract
Pressure is the most effective method available to solid-state scientists to alter many properties of matter. Since its implementation by Bridgman in the beginning of this century, high pressure (HP) research has provided substantial information, in all aspects, on properties of matter. Today, as a result of the development of static high pressure devices based on thediamond-anvil cell (DAC) experimenters can reach pressures in the megabar region corresponding to generatingenergy densities in matter of the order of eV/Å3. With such energy densities insulators with gap energies in the eV regions become metals, new structural and electronic phases become stable and new aspects of magnetism are being revealed. In other words the DAC has become a most powerful ultra-high-pressure device, helping scientists discover new states of matter. Some of the modern DAC’s for generating pressures into the megabar region can fit into the palm of the hand (see Fig. 1) and allow a variety of sophisticated measurements to be performed even though samples are of almostmicroscopic dimensions. The principle underlying the DAC, its potential applications, and pressure calibrations are thoroughly described in the review paper by Jayaraman [2].
A photograph of a miniature piston/cylinder DAC contrasting its miniature size with a US 250 coin and capable of reaching static pressures of 140 GPa [Ref. [1]
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Pasternak, M.P., Taylor, R.D. (1999). High Pressure Mössbauer Spectroscopy. In: Miglierini, M., Petridis, D. (eds) Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Materials Science. NATO Science Series, vol 66. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4548-0_32
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