Abstract
Classical chemistry and physics study substances where phase dimensions are large in respect to atoms. The continuous quest for structures of increasingly smaller scales certainly represents one of the scientific challenges leading to fascinating scientific developments of the last decades [1,2]. Systems have been synthesised called ‘zero dimensional’ because of peculiarities which come from their dimensionality. The distances between their boundaries in all directions are small from quantum mechanical point of view [1]. These materials are of a big importance because they posses properties strongly different from these of the bulk phase. The dimensionality decrease alters drastically the physical properties of the systems [2]. In the smallest particles some authors have observed so called ‘quantum size effects’ — properties which are not encountered in the bulk phase. The crystal lattice in small particles differs from that in bulk phase (usually lattice contraction is observed) and is thermodynamically stable [3]. Some of these properties promise future applications in various fields, e.g. nanoelectronics, catalysis, etc. [4].
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Krastev, V.I., Stoimenov, P., Stoeva, S., Dragieva, I., Klabunde, K. (1999). XPS Investigation of Oxidation State of CoNBH Nanoparticles. In: Nedkov, I., Ausloos, M. (eds) Nano-Crystalline and Thin Film Magnetic Oxides. NATO Science Series, vol 72. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4493-3_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4493-3_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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