Abstract
Systemic transformation in the post-socialist countries has subjected the science and technology systems (STS) of those countries to dramatic changes (cf. Meske et al, 1998; Mindeli and Nadiraschwili, 1997; Mayntz et al.., 1995; Balasz et al., 1995). What happened, usually in a rather short period of time, was the dissolution and extreme fragmentation of the socialist STS, with each country, among them some newly established, having subsequently to redesign its scientific and technological institutions and activities. The general thrust of institutional change has been towards greater autonomy for science, formal evaluation of institutions and projects, competitive project funding, legalisation of private institutions of higher education, etc. Western models and experience, and indeed the ‘transition’ processes that are currently underway in the S&T systems of the West too (Cozzens et al.., 1990; van den Meulen and Rip, 1994), offer the countries undergoing transformation a wide variety of options in terms of borrowing and learning for the purpose of making their scientific institutions more efficient.
1
This paper presents the preliminary results of the project ‘Restructuring and Re-integration of Science & Technology Systems in Economies in Transition’, supported by the European Commission, DG XII, under the Fourth Framework Programme, ‘Targeted Socio-Economic Research (TSER)’ No. PL951094. The author is grateful to Jochen Gläser for comments on a draft version.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Balazs, K.; Faulkner, W. and Schimank, U. (eds) (1995), ‘The Research System in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe’, EASST Special Issue/Social Studies of Science, Vol. 25
Bitzer, J. (1998), ‘Demand-Oriented S&T Policies as an Alternative Strategy for Post-Socialist Countries’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 266–274
Bouché, P. (1998), ‘Alternative Approaches to Industrial R&D Institutes in Hungary and Russia’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 183–197
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft (ed.) (1997), Wirtschaftliche Förderung in den neuen Bundesländern, Bonn
Cozzens, S.E. et al. (eds) (1990), The Research System in Transition, Dordrecht, Boston, London
Czerwon, H.-J, (1998), International Scientific Cooperation of EIT Countries: A Bibliometric Study, Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. (Unpublished report
Dyker, D.A. (ed.) (1997), ‘The Technology of Transition. Science and Technology Policies for Transition Countries, Central European University Press, Budapest
Eimermacher, K. and Lass, K. (eds) (1997), Transformation von Hochschulen und Wissenschaftsbetrieb: Westliche Sichtweisen auf den Umbruch in Ruβland, Lotman-Institut, Bochum
Etzkowitz, H. (1998), ‘Science and Industrial Policy: Beyond the Endless Frontier’, in: Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 57–66
Freeman, C. (1987), Technology Policy and Economic Performance. Lessons from Japan, London, Pinter Publishers
Gläser, J.; Melis, C. and Puls, K. (1995), Durch ostdeutsche Wissenschaftler innen gegründete kleine und mittlere Unternehmen — Eine Problemskizze, WZB-Paper P 95–403 Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung
Gläser, J. and Meske, W. (1996), Anwendungsorientierung von Grundlagenforschung? Erfahrungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Schriften des Max-Planck-Instituts für Gesellschaftsforschung, Köln, Band 25, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag
Gokhberg, L. (1996), Transformation of the Soviet R&D System, Economic Transition and Integration Project, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenberg, p. 2
Kristapson, J. and Tjunina, E. (1995), ‘Changes in Latvia’s Science Indicators in the Transformation Period’, Research Evaluation, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 151–161
Kristapsons et al. (1998), ‘Introducing the East into International Scientific Networks’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 295–305
Leydesdorff, L. and Etzkowitz, H. (1996), ‘Emergence of a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations’, in Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 279–286
Mayntz, R.; Schimank, U. and Weingart, P. (eds) (1995), Transformation mittel-und osteuropäischer Wissenschaftssysteme, Länderberichte, Leske + Budrich, Opladen
Meske, W. (1994), Veränderungen in den Verbindungen zwischen Wissenschaft und Produktion in Ostdeutschland, WZB-Paper P 94–402. Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung
Meske, W. (1997), R&D Systems in Transition — Lessons for Eastern Europe from the East German Experience, paper presented to the 6th European STRIDE Conference, 4 March, Bremen, Germany
Meske, W. (1998), ‘Öffentliche Forschung als notwendige Infrastruktur für Innovationen in Ostdeutschland’, in Fritsch et al. (eds), Innovationen in Ostdeutschland — Potentiale und Probleme, Schriftenreihe Technik, Wirtschaft und Politik des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg 1998, S. 293–312
Meske, W. and Dang Duy Thinh (eds) (1996), Zur Situation und den Veränderungen des FuE-Systems in Vietnam, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schwerindustrie, WZB-Paper P 96–401, Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung
Meske, W.; Gläser, J.; Groß, G.; Höppner, M. and Melis, C. (1997), Die Integration von ostdeutschen Blaue-Liste-Instituten in die deutsche Wissenschaftslandschaft. Forschungsbericht, Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. (Unpublished Paper
Meske, W.; Mosoni-Fried, J.; Etzkowitz, H. and Nesvetailov, G.A. (eds) (1998), Transforming Science and Technology Systems — The Endless Transition? NATO Science Series 4: Science and Technology Policy — Vol. 23, IOS Press/Ohmsha; Amsterdam, Berlin, Oxford, Tokyo, Washington/DC
van den Meulen, B.J.R. and Rip, A. (1994), Research Institutes in Transition, Eburon Publishers, Delft
Mindeli, L. and Nadiraschwili, A. (eds) (1997), ‘Transformacoja akademicheskoi nauki v stranakh Tsentralnoi i Vostochnoi Evropy’, in A hademicheskiye Instituty v Usloviyakh Transformatsii, Tsentr Issledovanij i Statistik Nauki, Moscow
Mirskaya, E.Z. (1997). ‘International Scientific Collaboration in the Post-Communist Countries: Modern Trends and Priorities’, Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 301–308
Mosoni-Fried, J. (1998), ‘Structural Changes in Industrial R&D in Hungary: Losers and Winners’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 171–182
Müller, K. (1998), ‘Towards a New Innovation Pattern in the Czech Republic’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 83–89
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Centre for Cooperation with the European Economies in Transition) (1992), Reviews of National Science and Technology Policy: Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Paris, pp. 35, 44, 185
Radosevic, S. and Auriol, L. (1999), ‘Patterns of Restructuring in Research, Development and Innovation Activities in Central and Eastern European Countries: Analysis based on S&T Indicators’, Research Policy, 28, pp. 251–376
Schaffers, H. and Smits, R. (1998), ‘The Role of Western Research Institutes in Future Knowledge Markets’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 275–292
Schneider, C. (1998), ‘Diverging Approaches to the Transformation of Industrial R&D Institutes: Evidence from Poland and the Czech Republic’, in Meske et al. (eds), op. cit., pp. 222–234
Schneider, C.M. (1994), Research and Development Management: From the Soviet Union to Russia, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg
Webster, A. (ed.) (1996), Building New Bases for Innovation. The Transformation of the R&D System in Post-Socialist States, Anglia Polytechnic University, Cambridge, UK
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meske, W. (1999). Transformation of R&D in the Post-Socialist Countries: Asset or Liability?. In: Dyker, D.A., Radosevic, S. (eds) Innovation and Structural Change in Post-Socialist Countries: A Quantitative Approach. NATO ASI Series, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4463-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4463-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5913-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4463-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive