Skip to main content

Codes and Sequences Over ℤ4 — A Tutorial Overview

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((ASIC,volume 542))

Abstract

This article provides an elementary overview of quaternary i.e., ℤ4 codes and sequences and assumes very little background. It begins with a discussion of binary m-sequences and uses the excellent autocorrelation properties of these sequences to motivate the study of finite fields. This is followed by a discussion of the family of Gold sequences.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Barg, A. (1994) On small families of sequences with low periodic correlation, inLecture Notes in Computer Science 781, Springer, Berlin, pp.154–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortas, S., Hammons, R. Jr. and Kumar, P.V. (1992) 4-phase sequences with near-optimum correlation propertiesIEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 38, 1101–1113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlitz, L. and Uchiyama, S. (1957) Bounds on exponential sumsDuke Math. J.37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, R. (1968) Maximal recursive sequences with 3-valued recursive cross-correlation functionsIEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 14, 154–156.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Golomb, S.W. (1982)Shift Register SequencesAegean Park Press, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golomb, S.W. (1999) Construction of signals with favorable correlation properties, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammons, A.R.Jr., Kumar, P.V., Calderbank, A.R., Sloane, N.J.A. and Solé, P. (1994) The Z4-linearity of Kerdock, Preparata, Goethals, and related codesIEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 40, 301–319.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Helleseth, T. and Kumar, P.V. (1996) Pseudonoise sequences, in J.D. Gibson (ed.)Mobile Communications HandbookCRC and IEEE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helleseth, T. and Kumar, P.V. (1998) Sequences with low correlation, in V.S. Pless and W.C. Huffman (eds.)Handbook of Coding TheoryElsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helleseth, T., Kumar, P.V. and Shanbhag, A. (1996) Exponential sums over Galois rings and their applications, in S. Cohen and H. Niederreiter (eds.)Finite Fields and their ApplicationsCambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jungnickel, D. and Pott, A. (1999) Difference sets: an introduction, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerdock, A.M. (1972) A class of low-rate nonlinear binary codesInform. Contr. 20, 182–187.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P.V., Helleseth, T. and Calderbank, A.R. (1995) An upper bound for Weil exponential sums over Galois rings and applicationsIEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 41, 456–468.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P.V., Helleseth, T., Calderbank, A.R. and Hammons, A.R. Jr. (1996) Large families of quaternary sequences with low correlationIEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 42, 579–592.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lidl, R. and Niederreiter, H. (1997)Finite-Fields (2nd edition)vol. 20 ofEncyclopedia of Mathematics and its ApplicationsCambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, B.R. (1974)Finite Rings with IdentityMarcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacWilliams, F.J. and Sloane, N.J.A. (1977)The Theory of Error-Correcting CodesNorth-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nechaev, A. (1991) The Kerdock code in a cyclic formDiscrete Math. Appl. 1, 365–384.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Preparata, F.P. (1968) A class of optimum nonlinear double-error correcting codesInform. Contr. 13, 378–400.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sarwate, D.V. and Pursley, M.B. (1980) Crosscorrelation properties of pseudorandom and related sequencesProc. IEEE 68, 593–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, M.K., Omura, J.K., Scholtz, R.A. and Levitt, B.K. (1994)Spread-Spectrum Communications Handbook.New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanbhag, A., Kumar, P.V. and Helleseth, T. (1996) Improved binary codes and sequence families from Z4-linear codesIEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 42, 1582–1586.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Solé, P. (1989) A quaternary cyclic code and a family of quadriphase sequences with low correlation properties, inCoding Theory and ApplicationsLecture Notes in Computer Science388Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Udaya, P. and Siddiqi, M. (1996) Optimal biphase sequences with large linear complexity derived from sequences overZ4 IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 42206–216.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfmann, J. (1999) Bent functions and coding theeory, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, K., Helleseth, T., Kumar, P.V. and Shanbhag, A. (1996) The weight hierarchy of Kerdock codes over Z4IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 42, 1587–1593.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Helleseth, T., Kumar, P.V. (1999). Codes and Sequences Over ℤ4 — A Tutorial Overview. In: Pott, A., Kumar, P.V., Helleseth, T., Jungnickel, D. (eds) Difference Sets, Sequences and their Correlation Properties. NATO Science Series, vol 542. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4459-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4459-9_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5959-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4459-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics