Abstract
The way that organisms respond to one another and their environment in natural populations depends critically on the dynamic processes that produce and limit phenotypic diversity. However, the fundamental nature of these processes, and the extent to which they are genetically prescribed, is arguably the most challenging issue facing evolutionary biology. In this chapter we aim not only to show how the approach taken to this issue affects understanding of the structure and dynamics of fungal populations, but also to reveal how fungi may provide insights relevant to all kinds of life forms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ainsworth, A.M., Beeching, J.R., Broxholme, S.J. et al. (1992) Complex outcome of reciprocal exchange of nuclear DNA between two members of the basidiomycete genus Stereum. Journal of General Microbiology, 138, 1147–57.
Ainsworth, A.M. and Rayner, A.D.M. (1989) Hyphal and mycelial responses associated with genetic exchange within and between species of the basidiomycete genus Stereum. Journal of General Microbiology 135, 1643–59.
Ainsworth, A.M., Rayner, A.D.M., Broxholme, S.J. et al. (1990) Production and properties of the sesguiterpene, (+)-torreyol, in degenerative mycelial interactions between strains of Stereum. Mycological Research, 94, 799–809.
Andrews, J.H. (1992) Fungal life-history strategies, in The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, 2nd ed. (eds G.C. Carroll and D.T. Wicklow), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 119–145.
Boddy, L. (1993) Saprotrophic cord-forming fungi: warfare strategies and other ecological aspects. Mycological Research, 94, 641–655.
Buller, A.H.R. (1931) Researches on Fungi, vol. 4. Longman, London.
Buller, A.H.R. (1933) Researches on Fungi, vol. 5. Longman, London.
Bushell, M.E. (1989a) Biowars in the bioreactor. New Scientist, 124, 42–45.
Bushell, M.E. (1989b) The process physiology of secondary metabolite production. Symposia of the Society for General Microbiology, 44, 95–120.
Cooke, R.C. and Rayner, A.D.M. (1984) Ecology of Saprotrophic Fungi, Longman, London and New York.
Crowe, J.D. (1997) Origins of heterogeneity in Hypholoma fasciculare. PhD Thesis, University of Bath.
Davidson, F.A., Sleeman, B.D., Rayner, A.D.M. et al. (1996) Context-dependent macroscopic patterns in growing and interacting fungal networks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B, 263, 873–880.
Davidson, F.A. Sleeman, B.D. Rayner, A.D.M. et al. (1997) Travelling waves and pattern formation in a model for fungal development. Journal of Mathematical Biology,35, 589–608.
Dawkins, R. (1995) River Out of Eden. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
Dowson, C.G., Rayner, A.D.M. and Boddy, L. (1986) Outgrowth patterns of mycelial cord-forming basidiomycetes from and between woody resource units in soil. Journal of General Microbiology, 121,203–211.
Dowson, C.G., Rayner, A.D.M. and Boddy, L. (1988a) Foraging patterns of Phallus impudicus,Phanerochaete laevis and Steccherinum fmbriatum between discontinuous resource units in soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 53, 291–298.
Dowson, C.G., Rayner, A.D.M. and Boddy, L. (1988b) The form and outcome of mycelial interactions involving cord-forming decomposer basidiomycetes in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. New Phytologist, 109, 423–432.
Dowson, C.G., Rayner, A.D.M. and Boddy, L. (1989) Spatial dynamics and interactions of the woodland fairy ring fungus, Clitocybe nebularis. New Phytologist,111, 501–509.
Frankland, J.C. (1992) Mechanisms in fungal succession, in The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, 2“d ed. (eds G.C. Carroll and D.T. Wicklow), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 383–401.
Georgiou, C.D. (1997) Lipid peroxidation in Sclerotium rolfsii: a new look into the mechanism of sclerotial biogenesis in fungi. Mycological Research, 101, 460–464.
Goodwin, B. (1994).How the Leopard Changed its Spots.Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
Grainger, J. (1962) Vegetative and fructifying growth in Phallus impudicus. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 45, 145–155.
Griffin, D.M. (1972) Ecology of Soil Fungi,Chapman and Hall, London.
Griffith, G.S., Rayner, A.D.M. and Wildman, H.G. (1994a) Interspecific interactions and mycelial morphogenesis of Hypholoma fasciculare (Agaricaceae). Nova Hedwigia 59, 47–75.
Griffith, G.S., Rayner, A.D.M. and Wildman, H.G. (1994b) Interspecific interactions, mycelial morphogenesis and extracellular metabolite production in Phlebia radiata (Aphyllophorales). Nova Hedwigia, 59, 331–344.
Griffith, G.S., Rayner, A.D.M. and Wildman, H.G. (1994c) Extracellular metabolites and mycelial morphogenesis of Hypholoma fasciculare and Phlebia radiata (Hymenomycetes). Nova Hedwigia, 59, 311–329.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1989) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 2“d ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Hansberg, W. and Aguirre, J. (1990) Hyperoxidant states cause microbial cell differentiation by cell isolation from dioxygen. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 142, 201–221.
Parker-Rhodes, A.F. (1955) Fairy ring kinetics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 38, 59–72.
Prigogine, I. and Stengers, I. (1984) Order out of Chaos, Heinemann, London.
Prosser, J.I. (1994a) Kinetics of filamentous growth and branching, in The Growing Fungus (eds N.A.R. Gow and G.M. Gadd) Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 301–318.
Prosser, J.I. (1994b) Mathematical modelling of fungal growth, in The Growing Fungus (eds N.A.R. Gow and G.M. Gadd), Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 319–335.
Ramsdale, M. (1996) Genomic conflict and disparity within basidiomycete mycelia. PhD Thesis, University of Bath.
Ramsdale, M. and Rayner, A.D.M. (1997) Ecological genetics, in The Mycota - Volume IV: Environmental and Microbial Relationships (eds D.T. Wicklow and B. Soderstrom), Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp.15–30.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1991) The challenge of the individualistic mycelium. Mycologia, 83, 48–71.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1994). Pattern-generating processes in fungal communities, in Beyond the Biomass (eds K. Ritz, J. Dighton and K.E. Giller), Wiley-Sayce, Chichester, pp. 247–258.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1996a) Has chaos theory a place in environmental mycology? in Fungi and Environmental Change, (eds J.C. Frankland, N. Magan and G.M. Gadd), Cambridge University Press, pp. 317–341
Rayner, A.D.M. (1996b) Antagonism and synergism in the plant surface colonization strategies of fungi, in Microbiology of Aerial Plant Surfaces (eds C.E. Morris, P. Nicot and C. Nguyen-The), Plenum Press, pp. 139–154.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1996c) Interconnectedness and individualism in fungal mycelia, in A Century of Mycology (ed B.C. Sutton), Cambridge University Press, pp. 193–232.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1997a) Degrees of Freedom - Living in Dynamic Boundaries. Imperial College Press, London.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1997b) Evolving boundaries: the systemic origin of phenotypic diversity. Journal of Transfigural Mathematics, 3(2), 13–22.
Rayner, A.D.M. (1998) Challenging environmental uncertainty: dynamic boundaries beyond the selfish gene,in Towards an Environment Research Agenda, vol. 1, (ed A. Warhurst), Macmillan, (in press).
Rayner, A.D.M. and Boddy, L. (1988) Fungal Decomposition of Wood. John Wiley, Chichester.
Rayner, A.D.M., Griffith, G.S. and Ainsworth, A.M. (1994a) Mycelial interconnectedness, in The Growing Fungus (eds N.A.R. Gow and G.M. Gadd), Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 21–40.
Rayner, A.D.M., Griffith, G.S. & Wildman, H.G. (1994b) Differential insulation and the generation of mycelial patterns, in Shape and Form in Plants and Fungi (eds D.S. Ingram and A. Hudson), Academic Press, London, pp. 293–312.
Rayner, A.D.M., Powell, K.A., Thompson, W. et al. (1985) Morphogenesis of vegetative organs, British Mycological Society Symposium, 10, 249–279.
Rayner, A.D.M., Ramsdale, M. and Watkins, Z.R. (1995) Origins and significance of genetic and epigenetic instability in mycelial systems. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73, S1241- S1258.
Rayner, A.D.M. & Ross, I.K. (1991) Sexual politics in the cell. New Scientist, 129, 30–33.
Rayner, A.D.M., Watkins, Z.R., and Beeching, J.R. (1998) Self-integration--an emerging concept from the fungal mycelium, in The Fungal Colony (eds N.A.R. Gow and G.M. Gadd), Cambridge University Press, (in press).
Rehmann, A.U. and Thurston, C.F. (1992) Purification of laccase I from Armillaria mellea. Journal of General Microbiology 138, 1251–1257.
Shantz, H. and Piemeisel, R. (1917) Fungus fairy rings in eastern Colorado and their effect on vegetation. Journal of Agricultural Research 11, 191–245.
Thompson, W. & Rayner, A.D.M. (1982) Structure and development of mycelial cord systems of Phanerochaete laevis in soil. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 78, 193–200.
Thompson, W. & Rayner, A.D.M. (1983) Extent, development and functioning of mycelial cord systems in soil. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 81, 333–345.
Wessels, J.G.H. (1994). Developmental regulation of fungal cell wall formation. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32, 413–437.
Wollaston, W.H. (1807) On fairy rings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B2, 133–138.
Worrall, J.J., Chet, I. and Hüttermann, A. (1986). Association of rhizomorph formation with laccase activity in Armillaria spp. Journal of General Microbiology, 132, 2527–2533.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rayner, A.D.M., Beeching, J.R., Crowe, J.D., Watkins, Z.R. (1999). Defining Individual Fungal Boundaries. In: Worrall, J.J. (eds) Structure and Dynamics of Fungal Populations. Population and Community Biology Series, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4423-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4423-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5900-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4423-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive