Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries based on lithium manganese spinel electrodes, Li1+xMn2-xO4, are the state-of-the-art power sources because they appear to be safer, are cheaper to manufacture and less toxic and polluting [1,2]. Extensive research has been devoted to the synthesis, the composition and the electrochemical properties of Li1+xMn2-xO4 spinels, but little work has been done on their microstructure. The stoichiometric LiMnO4 is a normal spinel where Li and Mn occupy tetrahedral and octahedral spinel sites, respectively. The valence distribution corresponds to Li[Mn3+Mn4+]O4. With an increase of Li/Mn ratio, the tetrahedral sites remain unchanged, while the excess of lithium and the manganese reside in octahedral sites. The compensation of the lithium charge is achieved by appearance of Mn4+.
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© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Zhecheva, E., Stoyanova, R., Gorova, M. (2000). Microstructure of Li1+xMn2-xO4 Cathode Materials Monitored by EPR of Mn4+ . In: Julien, C., Stoynov, Z. (eds) Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. NATO Science Series, vol 85. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4333-2_27
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4333-2_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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