Skip to main content

Can Virtual Look Real? A Review of Virtual Studio Techniques

  • Chapter
Confluence of Computer Vision and Computer Graphics

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((ASHT,volume 84))

Abstract

Five years since its introduction to television world, Virtual Studio has proven that it can be successfully used. More and more broadcasters are using this technology, even for complex, live-to-air productions.

The goal of this paper is to address the most basic issue raised by this relatively new technology: how realistic virtual sets can appear? Has the technology reached the level high enough to create a convincing illusion?

Virtual Studio is a very interdisciplinary technology. To answer these questions, we need to discuss techniques related to computer graphics, today’s graphics workstations, chroma keying, video camera behavior, camera tracking and interaction between real and virtual worlds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. Blythe and T. McReynolds. Advanced graphics programming techniques using OpenGL. Siggraph Course Notes, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. F. Cohen and D. P. Greenberg. The hemi-cube: A radiosity solution for complex environments. ACM Computer Graphics, 19(3):31–40, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. K. Dudkiewicz. Real-time depth of field algorithm, Image Processing for Broadcast and Video Production. In Y. Paker and S. Wilbur (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Workshop, Hamburg 23–24 Nov. 1994, pages 255–268, Springer/British Computer Society, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. Foxlin, M. Harrington, and G. Pfeifer. Constellation : A widerange wireless motion tracking system for Augmented Reality and Virtual Set applications. Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 371–378, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  5. M. Goslin. Illumination as texture maps for faster rendering, Technical Report 95–042, Dept. Of Computer Science, Univ. Of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. Haeberli and K. Akeley. The accumulation buffer: hardware support for high-quality rendering. ACM Comput Graph, 24(4):309–318, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Kilgard. Rendering Fast reflections with OpenGL. http://reality.sgi.com/opengl/tips/, Dec. update, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. Kirk, K. Ross, and D. Woolfson. NAB’99 Innovation. International Broadcast Engineer, May/June 1999; see also the web site www.3dvsystems.com, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  9. C. Kolb, D. Mitchell, and P. Hanrahan. A realistic camera model for computer graphics. ACM Computer Graphics Proceedings, pages 317–324, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. Myszkowski and T. L. Kunii. Texture mapping as an alternative for meshing during walkthrough animation. Proceedings of 5th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Darmstadt, Germany, pages 375–388, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Potmesil and I. Chakravarty. A lens and aperture camera model for synthetic image generation. ACM Computer Graphics, 15(3):297–306, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. P. Rokita. Fast generation of depth of field effects in computer graphics. C & G, 17:593–595, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  13. W. Schmidt. Real-time mixing of live action and synthetic backgrounds based on depth values. In Y. Paker and S. Wilbur (Eds), Image Processing for Broadcast and Video Production, Proceedings of the European Workshop, Hamburg 23–24 Nov. 1994, pages 26–34, Springer/British Computer Society, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Segal and C. Korobkin. Fast shadows and lighting effects using texture mapping. ACM Computer Graphics, 26(2):249–252, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Tamir. The Orad Virtual Set. Broadcast Origination, March 16–18, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. A. Thomas, J. Jin, T. Niblett, and C. Urquhart. A versatile camera position measurement system for virtual reality TV production. International Broadcasting Conventional Proceedings, pages 284–289, IEE Conference Publication, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  17. T. Whitted. An improved illumination model for shaded display. Communications of the ACM, 23(6):343–349, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Wojdala, M. Gruszewski, and K. Dudkiewicz. Using hardware texture mapping for efficient image synthesis and walkthrough with specular effects. Machine Graphics & Vision, 3(1/2):139–151, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. Wojdala. Challenges of Virtual Set technology. IEEE Multimedia, 5(l):50–57, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Wojdala, M. Gruszewski, K. Dudkiewicz, and M. Donotek. Real-time depth of field algorithm for Virtual Studio. Machine Graphics & Vision, 7(l/2):5–14, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wojdala, A. (2000). Can Virtual Look Real? A Review of Virtual Studio Techniques. In: Leonardis, A., Solina, F., Bajcsy, R. (eds) Confluence of Computer Vision and Computer Graphics. NATO Science Series, vol 84. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4321-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4321-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6612-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4321-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics