Abstract
A detailed study was carried out in 1991 to develop a sea defence strategy for the 14 km of eroding coastline between the Norfolk villages of Happisburgh and Winterton, on the English east coast. The strategy was developed to provide protection to this coastline for a period of 50 years. Of the available options for sea defence, an offshore reef system was considered to form the best method to achieve the schemes objectives. The first stage of the strategy was to construct four offshore reefs, or barriers, to the south of Happisburgh (Fig. 1). The scheme will protect several villages and some 6000 ha of low-lying land, including access to the Norfolk Broads, from flooding by the sea. Following completion of the first stage, a review of the strategy has been carried out to compare the predicted performance of the barriers with observations made at the site. A revised strategy has been developed, with further construction phases over a period of 20 years. A series of 10 further reefs, exposed only at low water levels, will be constructed, along with a long-term commitment to beach nourishment. Stage Two of the strategy was completed in July 1997, and comprised five more reefs and beach nourishment with 106 m3 of sand.
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Hamer, B., Gardner, J., Runcie, R. (2000). Physical Protection of the Seabed and Coast by Artificial Reefs. In: Jensen, A.C., Collins, K.J., Lockwood, A.P.M. (eds) Artificial Reefs in European Seas. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4215-1_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4215-1_24
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