Abstract
Silicates in comets appear to be a mix of high-temperature crystalline enstatite and forsterite plus glassy or amorphous grains that formed at lower temperatures. The mineral identifications from the 10 and 20 μm cometary spectra are consistent with the composition of anhydrous chondritic aggregate IDPs. The origin of the cometary silicates remains puzzling. While the evidence from the IDPs points to a pre-solar origin of both crystalline and glassy components, the signatures of crystalline silicates appear in the spectra of young stellar objects only at a late evolutionary stage, when comets are the likely source of the dust.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Becklin, E.E. and Westphal, J.A.: 1966,’ Infrared Observations of Comet 1965f’ ApJ 145, 445–452.
Bohren, C. E. and Huffman, D.R.: 1983, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Boss, A.P.: 1994,’ Midplane Temperatures and Solar Nebula Evolution’, Proc. Lunar Plan. Sci. Conf. 25th, 149.
Boss, A.P.: 1998,’ Temperatures in Protoplanetary Disks’, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 26, 53–80.
Bradley, J.P.: 1994,’ Chemically Anomalous, Preaccretionally Irradiated Grains in Interplanetary Dust from Comets’, Science 265, 925.
Bradley, J.P., Brownlee, D.E., and Veblen, D.R.: 1983,’ Pyroxene Whiskers and Platelets in Interplanetary Dust: Evidence of Vapour Phase Growth’, Nature 301, 473–477.
Bradley, J.P., Humecki, H.J., and Germani, M.S.: 1992,’ Combined Infrared and Analytical Electron Microscope Studies of Interplanetary Dust Particles’, ApJ 394, 643–651.
Bradley, J.R., Keller, L.R., Snow, T., Flynn, G.J., Gezo, J., Brownlee, D.E., Hanner, M.S., and Bowie, J.: 1999,’ An Infrared Spectral Match at 10 μm between GEMS and Interstellar Amorphous Silicates’, Science, in press.
Bregman, J.D., Campins, H., Witteborn, E.C., Wooden, D.H., Rank, D.M., Allamandola, L.J., Cohen, M., and Tielens, A.G.G.M.: 1987,’ Airborne and Groundbased Spectrophotometry of Comet P/Halley from 5–13 Micrometers’, Astron. Astrophys. 187, 616–620.
Campins, H. and Ryan, E.: 1989,’ The Identification of Crystalline Olivine in Cometary Silicates’, ApJ 341, 1059–1066.
Chick, K.M. and Cassen, P.: 1997,’ Thermal Processing of Interstellar Dust Grains in the Primitive Solar Environment’, ApJ 477, 398–409.
Colangeli, L., Mennella, V., Rotundi, A., Palumbo, P., and Bussoletti, E.: 1995,’ Simulation of the Cometary 10 micron Band by Means of Laboratory Results on Silicatic Grains’, Astron. Astrophys. 293, 927–934.
Crovisier, J., Brooke, T.Y., Hanner, M.S., et al.: 1996,’ The Infrared Spectrum of Comet C/1995 Ol (Hale-Bopp) at 4.6 AU from the Sun’, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L385–L388.
Crovisier, J. Leech, K., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Brooke, T.Y., Hanner, M.S., Altieri, B. Keller, H.U., and Lellouch, E.: 1997,’ The Spectrum of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 Ol) Observed with the Infrared Space Observatory at 2.9 Astronomical Units from the Sun’, Science 275, 1904–1907.
Crovisier, J., Encrenaz, T., Lellouch, E., et al.: 1999,’ ISO Spectroscopic Observations of Short-Period Comets’, in The Universe as Seen by ISO ESA SP-427.
Cuzzi, J.N., Dobrovolskis, A.R., and Champney, J.M.: 1993,’ Particle-Gas Dynamics in the Midplane of a Protoplanetary Nebula’, Icarus 106, 102–134.
Day, K.L.: 1979,’ Mid-Infrared Optical Properties of Vapor-Condensed Magnesium Silicates’, ApJ 234, 158–161.
Dorschner, J., Begemann, B., Henning, Th., Jager, C., and Mutschke, H.: 1995,’ Steps toward Interstellar Silicate Mineralogy II. Study of Mg-Fe-Silicate Glasses of Variable Composition’, Astron. Astrophys. 300, 503–520.
Gehrz, R.D. and Ney, E.P.: 1992,’ 0.7-23 micron Photometric Observations of P/Halley 1986 III and Six Recent Bright Comets’, Icarus 100, 162–186.
Goodman, A.A. and Whittet, D.C.B.: 1995,’ A Point in Favor of the Superparamagnetic Grain Hypothesis’, ApJ 455, L181–L184.
Grady, C.A., Sitko, M.L., Bjorkman, K.S., Perez, M.R., Lynch, D.K., Russell, R.W., and Hanner, M.S.: 1997,’ The Star-Grazing Extrasolar Comets in the HD100546 System’, ApJ 483, 449–456.
Hallenbeck, S.L., Nuth, J.A., and Daukantas, PL.: 1998,’ Mid-Infrared Spectral Evolution of Amorphous Magnesium Silicate Smokes Annealed in Vacuum: Comparison to Cometary Spectra’, Icarus 131, 198–209.
Hanner, M.S., Lynch, D.K., and Russell, R.W.: 1994a,’ The 8–13 micron Spectra of Comets and the Composition of Silicate Grains’, ApJ 425, 274–285.
Hanner, M.S., Hackwell, J.A., Russell, R.W., and Lynch, D.K.: 1994b,’ Silicate Emission Feature in the Spectrum of Comet Mueller 1993a’, Icarus 112, 490–495.
Hanner, M.S., Lynch, D.K., Russell, R.W., Hackwell, J.A., and Kellogg, R.: 1996,’ Mid-Infrared Spectra of Comets P/Borrelly, P/Faye, and P/Schaumasse’, Icarus 124, 344–351.
Hanner, M.S., Brooke, T.Y., and Tokunaga, A.T.: 1998a,’ 8–13 Micron Spectroscopy of Young Stars’, ApJ 502, 871–882.
Hanner, M.S., Gehrz, R.D., Harker, D.E., Hayward, T.L., Lynch, D.K., Mason, C.G., Russell, R.W., Williams, Wooden, D.H., and Woodward, C.E.: 1998b,’ Thermal Emission from the Dust coma of Comet Hale-Bopp and the Composition of the Silicate Grains’,Earth, Moon, and Planets, in press.
Hayward, T.L. and Hanner, M.S.: 1997,’ Ground-Based Thermal Infrared Observations of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 01) During 1996’, Science 275, 1907–1909.
Herter, T., Campins, H., and Gull, G.E.: 1987,’ Airborne Spectrophotometry of P/Halley from 16 to 30 Microns’, Astron. Astrophys. 187, 629–631.
Hewins, R.H.: 1988,’ Experimental Studies of Chondrules’ in Meteorites and the Early Solar System, ed. J.F. Kerridge and M.S. Matthews, Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 660–679.
Jessberger, E.K., Christoforidis, A., and Kissel, J.: 1988,’ Aspects of the Major Element Composition of Halley’s Dust’, Nature 332, 691–695.
Jones, R.V. and Spitzer, L.: 1967,’ Magnetic Alignment of Interstellar Grains’, ApJ 147, 943.
Kissel, J. et al.,: 1986,’ Composition of Comet Halley Dust Particles from Vega Observations’, Nature 321, 280–282.
Knacke, R.F., Fajardo-Acosta, S.B., Telesco, C.M., Hackwell, J.A., Lynch, D.K., and Russell, R.W.: 1993,’ The Silicates in the Disk of β Pictoris’, ApJ 418, 440–450.
Koike, C. and Tsuchiyama, A.: 1992,’ Simulation and Alteration for Amorphous Silicates with Very Broad Bands in Infrared Spectra’, MNRAS 255, 248–254.
Koike, C., Shibai, H., and Tuchiyama, A.: 1993,’ Extinction of Olivine and Pyroxene in the Mid-and Far-Infrared’, MNRAS 264, 654–658.
Lynch, D.K., Russell, R.W., Hackwell, J.A., Hanner, M.S., and Hammel, H.B.: 1992a,’ 8–13 μm Spectroscopy of Comet Levy 1990 XX’, Icarus 100, 197–202.
Lynch, D.K., Hanner, M.S. and Russell, R.W.: 1992b,’ 8–13 μm Spectroscopy and IR Photometry of Comet P/Brorsen-Metcalf (1989o) near Perihelion’, Icarus 97, 269–275.
Malfait, K., Waelkens, C., Waters, L.B.F.M., Vandenbussche, B., Huygen, E., and de Graauw, M.S.: 1998,’ The Spectrum of the Young Star HD100546 Observed with the Infrared Space Observatory’, Astron. Astrophys. 332, L25–L28.
Ney, E.P.: 1982,’ Optical and Infrared Observations of Bright Comets in the Range 0.5 to 20 microns’, in Comets, ed. L.L. Wilkening, University of Arizona Press, Tucson AZ, 323–340.
Sandford, S.A. and Walker, R.M.: 1985,’ Laboratory Infrared Transmission Spectra of Individual Interplanetary Dust Particles from 2.5 to 25 microns’, ApJ 291, 838–851.
Stephens, J.R., and Russell, R.W.: 1979,’ Emission and Extinction of Ground and Vapor-Condensed Silicates from 4 to 14 microns and the 10 micron Silicate Feature’, ApJ 228, 780–786.
Waelkens, C., Waters, L.B.F.M., de Graauw, M.S., et al.: 1996,’ SWS Observations of Young Main-Sequence Stars with Dusty Circumstellar Disks’, Astron. Astrophys. 315, L245–L248.
Waters, L.B.F.M., Molster, F.J., de Jong, T., et al.: 1996,’ Mineralogy of Oxygen-Rich Dust Shells’ Astron. Astrophys. 315, L361–L364.
Wooden, D.H., Harker, D.E., Woodward, C.E., Koike, C., Witteborn, F.C., McMurtry, M.C., and Butner, H.M.: 1999,’ Silicate Mineralogy of the Dust in the Inner Coma of Comet C/1995 Ol (Hale-Bopp) Pre-and Post-Perihelion’, ApJ 517, 1034–1058.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hanner, M.S. (1999). The Silicate Material in Comets. In: Altwegg, K., Ehrenfreund, P., Geiss, J., Huebner, W.F. (eds) Composition and Origin of Cometary Materials. Space Science Series of ISSI, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4211-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4211-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5830-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4211-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive