Skip to main content

Heating The Solar Corona By Magnetic Reconnection

  • Conference paper
Plasma Astrophysics And Space Physics

Abstract

Here I review briefly the theory of magnetohydrodynamic reconnection and ask what observational evidence is there that it is heating the corona. In particular, the new directions in which three-dimensional theory for reconnection is heading are outlined. Part of the coronal heating problem has been solved with the identification of reconnection driven by converging flux motions as the key for x-ray bright points. Furthermore, it has been shown that the large-scale diffuse corona is heated rather uniformly, so that turbulent reconnection by braiding or ion-cyclotron waves driven by network micro-flares are prime candidates. Finally, reconnection is the natural explanation for a wide variety of phenomena discovered by SOHO including explosive events, blinkers, the magnetic carpet and even possibly tornadoes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acton, L.W. (1996). Comparison of Yohkoh x-ray and other solar activity parameters for November 1991 to November 1995. In R. Pallavacini and A K Dupree, editor, Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun, volume 109, pages 45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.L (1984). Magnetic reconnection. In Hones, M., editor, Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, page 1, Washington, D.C. A.G.U.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.I. and McKenzie, J.F. (1996). Implications of observations of the solar wind and corona for solar wind models. Astrophys. and Space Sci., 243:1–3.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berghmans, D., Clette, F., and Moses, D. (1998). Quiet-sun euv transient brightenings and turbulence. In E.R. Priest, F. Moreno-Insertis, and R.A. Harris, editors, A Crossroads for European Solar and Heliospheric Physics, page 417. ESA SP-417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biskamp, D. (1986). Magnetic reconnection via current sheets. Phys. Fluids, 29:1520.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chae, J., Schuhte, U., and Lemaire, P. (1998). Sumer measurements of nonthermal motions: constraints on coronal heating mechanisms. Astrophys. J. submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demoulin, P., Bugala, L.G., Mandrini, C.H., Henoux, J.C., and Rovira, M.G. (1997). Quasi-separatrix layers in solar flares: I observed magnetic configurations. Astr. Astrophys., 325:305–317.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dere, K.P., Barto, J-D.F., and Brueckner, G.E. (1989). Explosive events in the solar transition zone. Solar Phys., 123:41–68.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dere, K.P., Bartoe, J-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., Ewing, J., and Lund, P. (1991). Explosive events and magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 96:9399–9407.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Falconer, D.A., Moore, R.L., and Porter, J.G. (1998). Micro-coronal bright points observed in the quiet magnetic network by SOHO/EIT. In Proceedings of High-Resolution Solar Atmospheric Dynamics Workshop.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galsgaard, K., Nordlund, A, and Priest, E.R. (1998). Coronal heating by braiding. Solar Phys. in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R.A. (1997). EUV Blinkers: The significance of variations in the extreme ultraviolet quiet Sun. Solar Phys., 175:467–485.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, K.L. (1985). The relationship between coronal bright points as seen in He I 10830 and the evolution of the photospheric network magnetic fields. Astrophys. J., 38:875–883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyvaerts, J., Priest, E.R., and Rust, D.M. (1977). An emerging flux model for the solar flare phenomenon. Astrophys. J., 216:123–137.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornig, G. and Rastätter, (1998). The magnetic structure of B ≠ 0 reconnection. Physica Scripta, T74:34–39.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Innes, D.E., Inhester, B., Axford, W.I., and Wilhelm, K. (1997). Bi-directional plasma jets produced by magnetic reconnection on the sun. Nature, 386:811–813.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, J., Walsh, R.W., Harrison, R., and Priest, E.R. (1998). Periodicities in active regions. In Proceedings of the Fifth SOHO Workshop, pages 433–438. ESA SP-404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohl, J.L. et al (1997). First results from the SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer. Solar Phys., 175:613–644.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, Y.-T. and Finn, J.M. (1990). Three-dimensional kinematic reconnection in the presence of field nulls and closed field lines. Astrophys. J., 350:672–691.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S.F., Livi, S.H.B., and Wang, J. (1985). The cancellation of magnetic flux. II — in a decaying active region. Astrophys. J., 38:929–959.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, J.F., Axford, W.I., and Banaskiewicz, M. (1997). The fast solar wind. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24:2877–2880.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, J.F., Banaskiewicz, M., and Axford, W.I. (1995). Acceleration of the highspeed solar wind. Astr. Astrophys., 303:L45–L48.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, J.F., Sukhorakova, G.W., and Axford, W.I. (1998). The source region of the fast solar wind. Astr. Astrophys., 330:1145–1148.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E.N. (1972). Topological dissipation and the small-scale fields in turbulent gases. Astrophys. J., 174:499–510.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Parnell, C.E., Priest, E.R., and Golub, L. (1994). The three-dimensional structures of x-ray bright points. Solar Phys., 151:57–74.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Petschek, H.E. (1964). Magnetic field annihilation. In AAS-NASA Symposium on the Physics of Solar Flares, pages 425–439. NASA Spec. Publ. SP-50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike, C.D. and Mason, H.E. (1998). Rotating transition-region features observed with the soho coronal diagnostic spectrometer. Solar Phys. submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. (1986). Magnetic reconnection on the Sun. Mit. Astron. Ges., 65:41–51.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. (1987). Appearance and disappearance of magnetic flux at the solar surface. In E. Schroter, M. Vazquez, A. Wyller, editor, The Role of Fine-Scale Magnetic Fields on the Structure of the Solar Atmosphere, pages 297–316. Camb. Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R., Bungey, T.N., and Titov, V.S. (1997). The 3D topology and interaction of complex magnetic flux systems. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 84:127–163.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. and Demoulin, P. (1995). Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection without null points. 1 basic theory of magnetic flipping. J. Geophys. Res., 100:23, 423–443, 463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R., Foley, C.R., Heyvaerts, J., Arber, T.D., Culhane, J.L., and Acton, L.W. (1998). Nature of the heating mechanism for the diffuse solar corona. Nature. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. and Forbes, T.G. (1986). New models for fast, steady-state reconnection. J. Geophys. Res., 91:5579–5588.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. and Forbes, T.G. (1989). Steady magnetic reconnection in three dimensions. Solar Phys., 119:211–214.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. and Lee, L.C. (1990). Nonlinear magnetic reconnection models with separatrix jets. J. Plasma Phys., 44:337–360.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R., Lonie, D.P., and Titov, V.S. (1996). Bifurcations of magnetic topology by the creation or annihilation of null points. J. Plasma Phys., 56:507–530.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R., Parnell, C.E., and Martin, S.F. (1994a). A converging flux model of an x-ray bright point and an associated canceling magnetic feature. Astrophys. J., 427:459–474.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R. and Titov, V.S. (1996). Reconnection at 3D null points. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., 355:2951–2992.

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R., Titov, V.S., Vekstein, G.E., and Rickard, G.J. (1994b). Steady linear X-point magnetic reconnection. J. Geophys. Res., 99:21467–21480.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, K., Hesse, M., and Birn, J. (1988). General magnetic reconnection, parallel electric fields, and helicity. J. Geophys. Res., 93:5547–5557.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrijver, C.J., Title, A.M., Harvey, K.L., Sheeley, N.R., Wang, Y-M., van der Oord, G.H.J., Shine, R.A., Tarbeil, T.D., and Hurlburt, N.E. (1997). Large-scale coronal heating by the dynamic, small-scale magnetic field of the Sun. Nature, 487:424–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, K., Ishido, Y., Acton, L.W., Strong, K.T., Hirayama, T., Uchida, Y., McAllister, A.H., Matsumoto, R., Tsuneta, S., Shimizu, T., Hara, H., Sakurai, T., Ichimoto, K., Nishino, Y., and Ogawara, Y. (1992). Observations of x-ray jets with the Yohkoh soft x-ray telescope. Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 44:L173–L179.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, K., Shimojo, M., Yohoyama, T., and Ohyama, M. (1996). Theory and observations of x-ray jets. In Bentley, R.D. and Mariska, J.T., editors, Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere, pages 29–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, M., Lee, L.C., and Priest, E.R. (1992). Fast magnetic reconnection with small shock angles. J. Geophys. Res., pages 8277–8293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, M., Lee, L.C., and Priest, E.R. (1993). Magnetic reconnection with large separatrix angles. J. Geophys. Res., pages 7593–7602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, T. and Tsuneta, S. (1996). Temperature structure of solar active regions. Astrophys. J., 459:342–346.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Priest, E.R. (1999). Heating The Solar Corona By Magnetic Reconnection. In: Büchner, J., Axford, I., Marsch, E., Vasyliūnas, V. (eds) Plasma Astrophysics And Space Physics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4203-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4203-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5828-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4203-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics