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Materials-Driven Science: From High Tc to Complex Adaptive Matter

  • Chapter
Soft Condensed Matter: Configurations, Dynamics and Functionality

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((ASIC,volume 552))

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Abstract

The past decade has seen a paradigm shift from the study of solids as a collection of weakly interacting elementary excitations to a materials-driven exploration of systems in chemistry physics and biology that display unexpected emergent behavior because they contain collections of agents (electrons atoms molecules) that couple nonlinearly with each other in an enviroment which both influences agent behavior and is influenced by it. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the high Tc cuprate superconductors and related members of the strongly correlated branch of the hard matter family (heavy electron systems organic superconductors manganites) have raised profound questions in physics. Because these questions have deep intellectual and practical connections with the behavior of soft matter and biological matter the exploration of these connections can open new directions for further progress.

To make explicit the study of these potential connections we have introduced the term, complex adaptive matter. Complex adaptive matter thus denotes materials that display intrinsic nonlinear behavior and typically must choose between competing ground states. Such materials change their properties dramatically (adapt) in response to small changes in external parameters such as temperature, pressure, doping level, applied fields. For strongly correlated electron systems, such as the cuprate superconductors, intrinsic nonlinear behavior arises because the dominant interaction between quasiparticles (here largely confined to a plane) is electronic; that interaction is both determined by the quasiparticles and determines their behavior. As a result nonlinear feedback plays a crucial role in determining systems behavior. here that feedback is negative, it keeps the system close to a man field behavior; where it becomes positive, as in the case of magnetically underdoped cuprate superconductors, it leads to nascent spin density waves, dramatic changes in quasiparticle behavior, quantum critical behavior, and three distinct normal state phases before the system undergoes a superconducting transition.

In this lecture, we will present a complex adaptive matter perspective on the cuprate superconductors and organic superconductors with an emphasis on the organizing principles at work in these systems, principles that may play a role in other members of the complex adaptive matter family.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Isis Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK

    Jörg Schmalian, David Pines & Branko Stojkovic

  2. Lansce Division,Center for Materials Science, and Center for Nonlinear Science, Los Alamos Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA

    Jörg Schmalian, David Pines & Branko Stojkovic

Authors
  1. Jörg Schmalian
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  2. David Pines
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  3. Branko Stojkovic
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway

    A. T. Skjeltorp

  2. Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Norway

    A. T. Skjeltorp

  3. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    S. F. Edwards

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Schmalian, J., Pines, D., Stojkovic, B. (2000). Materials-Driven Science: From High Tc to Complex Adaptive Matter. In: Skjeltorp, A.T., Edwards, S.F. (eds) Soft Condensed Matter: Configurations, Dynamics and Functionality. NATO Science Series, vol 552. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4189-5_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4189-5_3

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