Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - know for their strong mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic properties - belong to the group of persistent organic compounds (POPs) i.e. organic contaminants which are relatively resistant to biodegradation, can remain in the environment for long periods and have the potential to cause adverse environmental effects. There are thousands of PAH compounds in the environment but in practise PAHs analysis is restricted to the determination of 6 to 16 compounds. Individual PAHs differ substantially in their physical and chemical properties. Generally, the high molecular weight compounds (> 3 aromatic rings) are less water soluble, less volatile and more lipophilic than lower molecular weight ones [1,19,32]. The best know model compound from this group is the highly carcinogenic benzo/a/piren (BaP). PAHs are listed by the United States Environmental Pollution Agency and the European Commission as priority pollutants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ATSDR- US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1990) Public health statement: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Beck, A.J., Wilson, S.C., Alcock, R., and Jones, K. (1995) Kinetic constrains on the loss of organic chemicals from contaminated soils: implications for soil-quality limits, Crit.Review Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 1–43.
Bradley, L.J.N., Magee, B.H., and Allen, S.L. (1994) Background levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and selected metals in New England urban soils, J. Soil Contain. 3 (4), 349–361.
Cousins, I.T., Kreibich, H., Hudson, L.E., Lead, W.A., and Jones, K. (1997) PAHs in soils: contemporary UK data and evidence for potential contamination problems caused by exposure of samples to laboratory air, Sci. Total Environ.203, 141–156.
Enggist, A., Liechti, H., and Borer, F. (1994) Untersuchungen der Schadstoffbelastung von Boden und Vegetation entlang von Kantonsstrassen sowie von Strassenwischgut, Vokswirtschaftsdepartement des Kantons Solothurn, Amt fur Umweltschutz. Berichte Nr.6. Solothum, Januar 1994.
Environment 1998 (1998), Polish Central Statistical Office, Warszawa.
Fränzle, O., Krinitz, J., Schmotz, W., Delschen, T., and Leisner-Saaber, J. (1995) Harmonisierung der Untersuchungsverfahren und Bewertungsmastäbe für den Bodenschutz mit der Russischen Föderation. Report No UBA-FB 95–048. Texte 60/95. Terytze K. (ed.), Umweltbundesamt, Berlin.
Gustafsson, O., Gschwed, P.M., and Buesseler K.O. (1997) Using 234Th diequilibria to estimate the vertical removal rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the surface ocean. Marine Chem. 57, 11–23.
Hites, R.A., Laflamme, R.E., and Farrington, J.W. (1977) Sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the historical record, Science 198 829–831.
Jensen, J. and Folker-Hansen, P. (1995) Soil quality criteria for selected organic compounds. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Working Report No.47.
Jones, K.C., Alcock, R.E., Johnson, D.L., Northcott, G.L., Semple, K.T., and Woolgar, P.J. (1996) Organic chemicals in contaminated land: analysis, significance and research priorities, Land Contam.& Reclam. 4 189–197.
Jones, K.C., Stratford, J.A., Tidridge, P., and Waterhouse, K.S. (1989) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocabons in an agricultural soil: long-term changes in profile distribution, Environ. Poll. 56 337-351.
Jones, K.C., Stratford, J.A., Waterhouse, K.S., and Vogt, N.B. (1989) Organic contaminants in Welsh soils: polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 540–550.
Jones, K.C., Stratford, J.A., Waterhouse, K.S., Furlong, E., Giger, W., Hites, R., Schaffner, C., and Johnston, A.E. (1989) Increases in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons content of an agricultural soil over the last century, Environ. Sci. Technol. 23 95–101.
Kawamura, K., Suzuki, I., Fujii, Y., and Wanatabe, O. (1994) Ice core record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over past 400 years, Naturwissenschaften 81 502–505.
Kummerova, M., Slovak, L., and Holoubek, I. (1995) Phytotoxicity studies of benzo(a)pyrene with Lactuca Sativa. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 51 197–203.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. (1993) Trwalosc wielopierscieniowych weglowodorow aromatycznych w glebie. 82 pp. IUNG, H(4), Pulawy.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. (1996) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in Poland; preliminary proposals for the criteria for the evaluation of the level of soil pollution, Environ. Geochem., 11, 121–127.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. (1999) Persistent organic contaminants in the environment; PAHs as a case study. In: J.C. Block, V.V. Goncharuk and P. Baveye (eds.), Bioavalibility of organic xenobiotics in the environment. NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London - in press.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. and Oleszek W. (1994) The use of high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples. Acta Chromat. 3 84–93.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. and Smreczak, B. (1997) Zawartosc wielopierscieniowych weglowodorow aromatycznych w glebach uzytkowanych rolniczo na terenie woj. lubelskiego. Roczniki Gleboznawcze, 48 95–110.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. and Smreczak, B. (1998) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in agricultural soils in the Eastern Poland, Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 66 51–56.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. and Terelak, H. (1996) Evaluation of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from rural region of Poland (Lublin province), in: Proceedings Third International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 81–83.
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. and Terelak, H. (1997) Wielopierscieniowe weglowodory aromatyczne w glebach polnocnej i wschodniej Polski, in “Zwiazki organiczne w srodowisku i melody ich oznaczania” Biblioteka Monitoringu Srodowiska, Warszawa, pp. 169–170.
Menzie, C.A., Potocki, B.B., and Santodonato, J. (1992) Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment, Environ. Sci. Technol. 26 1278–1284.
Paterson, S. and Mackay, D. (1989) A model illustrating the environmental fate exposure and human uptake of the persistent organic chemicals, Ecol. Modelling, 47 85–114.
Pondel H., Sadurski, W., and Wilkos S. (1985) Zawartosc substancji organicznych w glebach Polski. Pamietnik. Pulawski, 85 5–27.
Sanka, M., Strnad, M., Vondra, J. and Paterson, E. (1995) Sources of soil and plant contamination in an urban environment and possible assessment methods, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 59 327–343.
Siepak, J. and Andrzejewska M. (1997) Zanieczyszczenie wielopierscieniowymi weglowodorami probek gleb poddanych antropopresji z terenu miasta Poznania. In: Mat. IV Konferencji Naukowej „ Geochemiczne, hydrochemiczne i biochemiczne zmiany srodowiska przyrodniczego na obszarach objetych antropopresja. ”, Krakow, Poland.
Simonich, S.L. and Hites, R. (1994) Vegetation-atmosphere partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28 939–943.
Simonich, S.L. and Hites, R.A. (1994) Importance of vegetation in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the atmosphere. Nature 370 49–51.
Sims, R.C. and Overcash, M.R. (1983) Fate of polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNAs) in soil-plant systems, Residue Reviews 88 1–68.
Slebioda, M.., Kot, A., Wodecki, Z., and Kolodziejczyk, A. (1996) Impact of motor traffic on PAHs contamination of soils, in “Third Intern. Symposium TOCOEN’96 and Satellite Workshops”, Luha ovice, Czech Republik, pp. 292–294.
Soil background and reference values in Germany(1995) Bund-Länder Arbeitsgruppe Bodenschutz Report, Ed. Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Landesentwicklung and Umweltfragen.
Stuczynski, T., Motowicka-Terelak, T., Piotrowska M., and Maliszewska-Kordybach B. (1992) Stan chemizmu gleb woj. lodzkiego z uwzglednieniem wystepowania metali ciezkich,siarki i wielopiercecieniowych wëglowodorów aromatycznych, Raport IUNG, Pulawy, Poland.
Swartjes, F.A. and van den Berg, R. (1993) Remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater: Proposals for criteria and priority settings, Mat. of Workshop on Contaminated Soils., Stockholm.
Tebaay, R.H., Welp, G., and Brummer, G.W. (1993) Gehalte an Polycyclischen Aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) und deren Verteilungmuster in unterschiedlich belasteten Böden, Z.Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk. 156 1–10.
Trenck, K.T., Ruf, J., and Flittner, M. (1994) Guide values for contaminated sites, Environ Sci. and Pollut. Res. 1 253–261.
Wild, S.R. and Jones, K.C. (1992) Organic chemicals entering agricultural soils in sewage sludges: screening for their potential to transfer to crop plants and livestock, Sci. Total Environ. 119 85–119.
Wild, S.R. and Jones, K.C. (1995) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom environment: a preliminary source inventory and budget, Environ. Poll. 88 91–108.
Wilson, S.C., Duarte-Davidson, R., and Jones, K.C. (1996) Screening the environmental fate of organic contaminants in sewage sludge applied to agricultural soils: 1. The potential for downward movement to groundwaters, Sci. Total Environ. 185 45–57.
Zerbe, J., Sobczynski, T., and Siepak, J. (1995) Zanieczyszczenie gleby w ogrodach dzialkowych metalami ciezkimi i wielopierscieniowymi weglowodorami aromatycznymi, Przyroda i Czlowiek, z. 5 133–141.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. (2000). Organic Contaminants in Agricultural Soils in Central and East European Countries as Compared to West European Countries; Example of PAHs. In: Wilson, M.J., Maliszewska-Kordybach, B. (eds) Soil Quality, Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe. NATO Science Series, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4181-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4181-9_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6378-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4181-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive