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Plant and microbial compounds as herbicides

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Allelopathy in Ecological Agriculture and Forestry

Abstract

There are numerous reports of secondary compounds derived from plants and microorganisms that are phytotoxic. The most commercially successful of these allelochemic natural products are bialaphos and its active ingredient phosphinothricin, which led to the development of the herbicide glufosinate. There are many other natural products with herbicidal potential. Pyridazocidin, a phytotoxin produced by a soil Streptomyces species, causes rapid chlorosis and necrosis of several weeds. This is the first natural product that appears to act via reversible oxidation/reduction linked to photosynthetic electron transport, analogous to synthetic compounds (e.g., bipyridiniums). The natural product 3-nitropropionate (NPA) and its glycosides are found in several plants and in several fungi (phytopathogens and nonphytopathogens). NPA has been shown to be phytotoxic. Sorgoleone, isolated from grain sorghum root exudates, is phytotoxic to grass and broadleaf species and acts via inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PS II). Monensin, from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is a carboxylic polyether antibiotic compound used in agriculture that also exerts herbicidal activity on a variety of plants, as does a related antibiotic, nigericin. Hydantocidin and cornexistin are new herbicidal compounds isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Pacilomyces variotii, respectively. Artemisinin, a plant (Artemesia annua L.) sesquiterpene with antimalarial properties, is also a potent phytotoxin. Some allelochemicals have sufficient potential to be herbicides, while others with lower herbicidal efficacy may serve as chemical templates for new synthetic herbicides. The continued search for allelochemicals from plants and microbes is important in the developement of improved herbicides with novel molecular modes of action. Selected allelochemicals with phytotoxic properties that have been isolated from plants and microbes are presented and discussed in this review.

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  1. Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, USA

    Robert E. Hoagland

  2. Southern School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA

    Stephen J. Cutler

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  1. Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India

    S. S. Narwal

  2. Natural Products Discovery Group, Southern School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA

    Robert E. Hoagland

  3. Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, USA

    Robert E. Hoagland

  4. Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Apdo 874, Vigo-E, 36200, Spain

    M. J. Reigosa

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Hoagland, R.E., Cutler, S.J. (2000). Plant and microbial compounds as herbicides. In: Narwal, S.S., Hoagland, R.E., Dilday, R.H., Reigosa, M.J. (eds) Allelopathy in Ecological Agriculture and Forestry. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4173-4_6

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