Skip to main content

Exposure To Examples

Exploring Case-Based Design in Architectural Education

  • Chapter
Book cover Artificial Intelligence in Design ’00

Abstract

Although often specifically education-oriented, Case-Based Design systems rarely have become widely used tools in schools of architecture. The primary goal of our study was therefore to explore the effects of using cases in architectural education. Exposing students to examples is not generally applauded by design teachers, as it is thought to increase the danger of design fixation. Only few view cases as a vital basis for creativity. A more specific goal of our study was thus to investigate whether cases either limit or improve creative design solutions. In the study, 2nd year architecture students had to design an entrance hall for an apartment building. Half of them had access to entrance hall projects of previous years, the other half did not. Analysis of students’ designs revealed some interesting effects. In particular, the probability of getting a higher score for the concept, the choice of materials and colors, and the creative character of their project, was positively influenced by exposure to examples. Yet, this positive influence only occurred for the more skilled and motivated students.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akin, Ö., Cumming, M., Shealey, M. and Tuncer, B.: 1997, An electronic design assistance tool for case-based representation of designs, Automation in Construction, 6, 265–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archer, B.: 1973, Speech at the Design Activity Conference, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, F.: 1969, Creativity, Encyclopedia Britannica, vol.6, W. Baton, London, pp. 711–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casakin, H.: 1997, The role of Analogy and Visual Displays, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiaans, H. and van Andel, J.: 1993, The effects of examples on the use of knowledge in a student design activity: the case of the ‘flying Dutchman, Design Studies, 14(1), 58–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domeshek, E.A and Kolodner, J. L.: 1993, Using the points of large cases, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 7(2), 87–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domeshek, E.A. and Kolodner, J. L.: 1997, The designer’s muse: Experience to aid conceptual design of complex artifacts, in M. L. Maher and P. Pu(eds.), Issues and Applications of Case-Based Reasoning in Design, Lawrence Erlbaum, London, pp. 11–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flemming, U.: 1994, Artificial intelligence in design: a mid-term review, in G. Carara and Y. E. Kalay (eds.), Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Architectural Design, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flemming, U., Aygen, Z., Coyne, R. and Snyder, J.: 1997, Case-based design in a software environment that supports the early phases in building design, in M.L. Maher and P. Pu (eds.), Issues and Applications of Case-Based Reasoning in Design, Lawrence Erlbaum, London, pp. 61–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heylighen, A.: 1998, Exposure to experience. on the role of experience in architectural design education, in Research in Design Education, 1st EAAE-ARCC Conference Proceedings, NC State University, Raleigh, pp., 148–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heylighen, A, Segers, R. and Neuckermans, H.: 1998, Prototype of an interactive case library for architectural design, 4th Design & Decision Support Systems Conference Proceedings, T.U.Eindhoven, Eindhoven, (CD Rom publication).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hua, K., Faltings, B. and Smith, I.: 1996 CADRE: Case-based geometric design, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 10, 171–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koestler, A.: 1989, The Act of Creation, Arkana, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolodner, J.: 1993, Case-Based Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, B.: 1990, How Designers Think, Butherworth Architecture, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, D. W.: 1970, Creativity, a multi-faceted phenomenon, in J. D. Rolansky, (ed.), Creativity: A Discussion at the Nobel conference, North Holland, Amsterdam, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maher, M.L, Balachandran, M.B. and Zhang, D.M.: 1995, Case-based Reasoning in Design, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hove.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, K: 1999, How real is visual thinking?, The Architect’s Journal, 29 July, 59–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuckermans, H. and Geebelen, B. (eds.): 1999, Computers in Design Studio Teaching, EAAE-eCAADe Workshop Proceedings, Transactions on architectural education, No.03, K.U.Leuven, Leuven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxman, R. and Oxman, R.: 1994, Remembrance of things in the past: Design precedents in libraries, in A. Tzonis and I. White, (eds.), Automation Based Creative Design. Research and Perspectives, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 55–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanek, V.: 1984, Design for the Real World, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, referred to in (Pollalis, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasman, G. and Hennessey, J.: 1999, Random versus typological organisation of precedents in a design task, Proceedings of the 4th Design Thinking Research Symposium on Design Representation, pp. II. 125-137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollalis S. N.: 1994, Towards the automation of conceptual design, in A. Tzonis and I. White, (eds.), Automation Based Creative Design. Research and Perspectives, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 363–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purcell, A. T. and Gero, J. S.: 1996, Design and other types of fixation, Design Studies, 17, 363–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rechtin, E.: 1991, Systems Architecting. Creating & Building Complex Systems, Prentice Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittel, H.: 1973, Speech at the Design Activity Conference, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, P.: 1982, A priori knowledge in design, Journal of Architectural Education, 36(1), 18–23.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Schank, R. C.: 1982, Dynamic Memory. A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Belz, B. and Hovestadt, L.: 1996, Scenario for an integrated design support for architects, Design Studies, 17, 489–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, I., Stalker, R. and Lottaz, C.: 1996, Creating design objects from cases for interactive spatial composition, in J. S. Gero and F. Sudweeks, (eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Design’ 96, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp. 97–116.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Heylighen, A., Verstijnen, I.M. (2000). Exposure To Examples. In: Gero, J.S. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Design ’00. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4154-3_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4154-3_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5811-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4154-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics