Skip to main content

Pharmacological Interventions for Preventing Violence Among the Mentally Ill with Co-Occurring Personality Disorders

  • Chapter
Violence among the Mentally III

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((ASID,volume 90))

Abstract

Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is partly defined by the history of violent behaviour (DSM-IV), and psychopathy is known to be associated with violent crime (Hare, 1996; Hare & McPherson, 1984). Psychopathy is a term that had been used rather loosely until Cleckley (1976) endowed it with specific content, conceptual framework, and clinical descriptions. Hare and his group have developed the concept and provided several versions of a diagnostic instrument—the Psychopathy Checklist. The version most frequently used in criminal offender populations is called the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); this is a 20-item rating scale. A cut-off score of 30 (or 25 by some authors) implies the diagnosis of psychopathy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Atre-Vaidya, N., & Taylor, M.A. (1989). Effectiveness of lithium in schizophrenia: Do we really have an answer? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 50, 170–173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergeman, C.S., & Seroczynski, A.D. (1998). Genetic and environmental influences on ag­gression and impulsivity. In M. Maes & E.F. Coccaro (Eds), Neurobiology and clinical views on aggression and impulsivity (pp. 63–80). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P., Bartell, J., Donenwirth, K., Lee, S., Torigoe, F., & Schulz, S.C. (1995). Violence and schizophrenia: Clozapine as a specific antiaggressive agent Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23, 607–611.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.F., Ibrahim, Z.Y., Singer, B., On, B., Donenwirth, K., & Brar, P.S. (1997). Ag­gression and schizophrenia: Efficacy of risperidone. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 25, 173–181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cantillon, M., Arvanitis, L.A., Miller, B.G., & Kowalcyk, B.B. (1997, December). “Sero­quel” (quetiapine fumarate) reduces hostility and aggression in patients with acute schizophrenia [Abstract]. Paper presented at the 36th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiles, J.A., Davidson, P., & McBride, D. (1994). Effects of clozapine on use of seclusion and restraint at a state hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45, 269–271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Citrome, L. (1989). Differential diagnosis of psychosis: A brief guide for the primary care physician. Postgraduate Medicine, 85, 273–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Citrome, L. (1995). Use of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproic acid in a state-operated psy­chiatric hospital. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 11, 55–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Citrome, L., Levine, J., & Allingham, B. (1998). Utilization of valproate: Extent of inpatient use in the New York State Office of Mental Health. Psychiatric Quarterly, 69, 283–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Citrome, L., & Volavka, J. (1997). Psychopharmacology of violence. Part II: Beyond the acute episode. Psychiatric Annals, 27, 696–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Citrome, L., & Volavka, J. (1998). The efficacy of pharmacological treatments in preventing crime and violence among persons with psychotic disorders. In S. Hodgins & R. MüIsberner (Eds.), Violence, crime, and mentally disordered offenders: Concepts and meth­ods for effective treatment and prevention. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Citrome, L., & Volavka, J. (1999). Schizophrenia: Violence and comorbidity. Current Opin­ion in Psychiatry, 12, 47–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro, E.F., & Kavoussi, R.J. (1997). Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality-disordered subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 1081–1088.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coccaro, E.F., Kavoussi, R.J., Cooper, T.B., & Hauger, R.L. (1997). Central serotonin activ­ity and aggression: Inverse relationship with prolactin response to D-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1430–1435.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P.J., Larkin, E.P., & Shubsachs, A.P.W. (1991). Lithium carbonate in chronic schizo­phrenia: A brief trial of lithium carbonate added to neuroleptics for treatment of resistant schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 84, 150–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Convit, A., Isay, D., Otis, D., & Volavka, J. (1990). Characteristics of repeatedly assaultive psychiatric inpatients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 41, 1112–1115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Côté, G., & Hodgins, S. (1990). Co-occurring mental disorders among criminal offenders. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 18, 271–281.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crowner, M.L., Douyon, R., Convit, A., Gaztanaga, P., Volavka, J., & Bakall, R. (1990). Akathisia and violence. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 26, 115–117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czobor, P., Volavka, J., & Meibach, R.C. (1995). Effect of risperidone on hostility in schizo­phrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 243–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, S.J., Susser, E.S., Nunes, E.V., Stewart, J.W., Quitkin, F.M., & Klein, D.F. (1997). Divalproex treatment of disruptive adolescents: A report of 10 cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58, 12–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahim, G.M., Gibier, B., Gacono, C.B., & Hayes, G. (1994). Patient response to clozapine in a forensic psychiatric hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45, 271–273.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frances, A., Docherty, J.P., & Kahn, D.A. (1996). The expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57(Suppl 12B), 1–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freese, A., Müller-Isberner, R., & Jockel, D. (1995). Psychopathy and co-morbidity in a German hospital order population [Abstract]. Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychol­ogy, 24, 45–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geracioti, T.D. Jr. (1994). Valproic acid treatment of episodic explosiveness related to brain injury [letter]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 416–417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giakas, W.J., Seibyl, J.P., & Mazure, C.M. (1990). Valproate in the treatment of temper out­bursts [letter]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, 525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M.B., & Janecek, H.M. (1990). Adjunctive fluoxetine improves global function in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2, 429–431.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guy, W. (1986). ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Rockville, MD: Na­tional Institute of Mental Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakola, H.P.A., & Laulumaa, V.A. (1982). Carbamazepine in treatment of violent schizo­phrenics [letter]. Lancet, 1, 1358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallikainen, T., Saito, T., Lachman, H.M., Volavka, J., Pohjalainen, T., Ryynänen, 0.-P., Kauhanen, J., Syvalahti, E., Hietala, J., & Tiihonen, J. (in press). Association between low activity serotonin transporter promoter genotype with habitual impulsive behavior among antisocial early onset alcoholics. Molecular Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R.D. (1980). A research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in criminal popula­tions. Personality and Individual Differences, I, 111–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R.D. (1996). Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A case of diagnostic con­fusion. Psychiatric Times, February, 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R.D., & McPherson, L.M. (1984). Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psycho­paths. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 7, 35–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S.D., Hare, R.D., & Forth, A.E. (1994). Psychopathy as a risk marker for violence: De­velopment and validation of a screening version of the revised psychopathy checklist. In J. Monahan & H.J. Steadman (Eds), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 81–98). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, S., & Côté, G. (1993). Major mental disorder and antisocial personality disorder: A criminal combination. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 21, 155–160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, S., Côté, G., & Toupin, J. (1998). Major mental disorders and crime: An etiological hypothesis. In D. Cooke, A. Forth, & R.D. Hare (Eds), Psychopathy: Theory, research and implications for society (pp. 231–256). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E., Grossman, R., Stein, D.J., & Kwon, J. (1996). Borderline personality disorder and impulsive-aggression: The role for divalproex sodium treatment. Psychiatric Annals (Suppl 26), 5464–5469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honigfeld, G., & Klett, G. (1965). The nurses’ observation scale for inpatient evaluation: A new scale for measuring improvement in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 65–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Home, M., & Lindley, S.E. (1995). Divalproex sodium in the treatment of aggressive behav­ior and dysphoria in patients with organic brain syndromes [letter]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56, 430–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karson, C.N., Weinberger, D.R., Bigelow, L., & Wyatt, R.J. (1982). Clonazepam treatment of chronic schizophrenia: Negative results in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ameri­can Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1627–1628.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L.A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261–276.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keckich, W.A. (1978). Neuroleptics: Violence as a manifestation of akathisia Journal of the American Medical Association, 240, 2185–2185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krakowski, M.I., Convit, A., Jaeger, J., Lin, S., & Volavka, J. (1989a). Neurological impairment in violent schizophrenic inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 849–853.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krakowski, M.I., Convit, A., Jaeger, J., Lin, S., & Volavka, J. (1989b). Inpatient violence: Trait and state. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 23, 57–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krakowski, M.I., Kunz, M., Czobor, P., & Volavka, J. (1993). Long-term high-dose neuroleptic treatment: Who gets it and why? Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 640–644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lachman, H.M., Nolan, K.A., Mohr, P., Saito, T., & Volavka, J. (1998). Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and violence in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 835–837.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lott, A.D., McElroy, S.L., & Keys, M.A. (1995). Valproate in the treatment of behavioral agitation in elderly patients with dementia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neu­rosciences, 7, 314–319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luchins, D.J. (1984). Carbamazepine in violent non-epileptic schizophrenics. Psychopharma­cology Bulletin, 20, 569–571.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, G.J. (1992). The impact of clozapine on 25 forensic patients. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 20, 297–307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MaIlya, A.R., Roos, P.D., & Roebuck-Colgan, K. (1992). Restraint, seclusion, and clozapine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 53, 395–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marder, S.R., Davis, J.M., & Chouinard, G. (1997). The effects of risperidone on the five dimensions of schizophrenia derived by factor analysis: Combined results of the North American trials. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58, 538–546.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattes, J.A. (1992). Valproic acid for nonaffective aggression in the mentally retarded. Jour­nal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 180, 601–602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazure, C.M., Druss, B.G., & Cellar, J.S. (1992). Valproate treatment of older psychotic patients with organic mental syndromes and behavioral dyscontrol. Journal of the Ameri­can Geriatrics Society, 40, 914–916.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellow, A.M., Solano-Lopez, C., & Davis, S. (1993). Sodium valproate in the treatment of behavioral disturbance in dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 6, 205–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michals, M.L., Crismon, M.L., Roberts, S., & Childs, A. (1993). Clozapine response and adverse effects in nine brain-injured patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 198–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueser, K.T., Drake, R.E., Ackerson, T.H., Alterman, A.I., Miles, K.M., & Noordsy, D.L. (1997). Antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, and substance abuse in schizo­phrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 473–477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nedopil, N., Hollweg, M., Hartmann, J., & Jaser, R. (1998). Comorbidity of psychopathy with major mental disorders. In D.J. Cooke, A. Forth, & R.D. Hare (Eds.), Psychopathy: Theory, research and implications for society (pp. 257–268). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neppe, V.M. (1983). Carbamazepine as adjunctive treatment in nonepileptic chronic inpatients with EEG temporal lobe abnormalities. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 44, 326–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, K.A., Volavka, J., Mohr, P., & Czobor, P. (1999). Psychopathy and violent behavior among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatric Services, 50, 787–792.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okuma, T., Yamashita, I., Takahashi, R., Itoh, H., Otsuki, S., Watanabe, S., Sarai, K., Ha­zama, H., & Inanaga, K. (1989). A double-blind study of adjunctive carbamazepine versus placebo on excited states of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 80, 250–259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, C., Tarantello, C., Jones, M., & Tennant, C. (1998). Repetitively violent patients in psychiatric units. Psychiatric Services, 49, 1458–1461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, R. (1985). Lithium-responsive schizophrenia: Case reports. Journal of Clinical Psy­chiatry, 46, 141–142.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz, J., Avnon, M., & Rosenberg, V. (1996). Effect of clozapine on physical and ver­bal aggression. Schizophrenia Research, 22, 249–255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, K., Levander, S., & Sletvold, H. (1995). Aggressive and non-aggressive schizo­phrenics: Symptom profile and neuropsychological differences. Psychology, Crime and Law, 2, 119–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratey, J.J., Leveroni, C., Kilmer, D., Gutheil, C., & Swartz, B. (1993). The effects of clozap­ine on severely aggressive psychiatric inpatients in a state hospital. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 219–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratey, J.J., Sorgi, P., O’Driscoll, G.A., Sands, S., Daehler, M.L., Fletcher, J.R., Kadish, W., Spruiell, G., Polakoff, S., Lindem, K.J., Bemporad, J.R., Richardson, L., & Rosenfeld, B. (1992). Nadolol to treat aggression and psychiatric symptomatology in chronic psychiatric inpatients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 53, 41–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryback, R., & Ryback, L. (1995). Gabapentin for behavioral dyscontrol [Letter]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, C.B., & Schaffer, L.C. (1997). Gabapentin in the treatment of bipolar disorder [Let­ter]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 291–292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, H., Johnson, S., Menezes, P., Thornicroft, G., Marshall, J., Bindman, J., Bebbington, P., & Kuipers, E. (1998). Substance misuse and risk of aggression and offending among the severely mentally ill. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 345–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheard, M.H. (1971). Effect of lithium on human aggression. Nature, 230, 113–114.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheard, M.H., Marini, J.L., Bridges, C.I., & Wagner, E. (1976). The effect of lithium on impulsive aggressive behavior in man. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 1409–1413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J.M., Yudofsky, S.C., Kogan, M., & Katz, B.L. (1986). Elevation of thioridazine plasma levels by propranolol. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1290–1292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorgi, P.J., Ratey, J.J., & Polakoff, S. (1986). Beta-adrenergic blockers for the control of aggressive behaviors in patients with chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 775–776.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steadman, H.J., Mulvey, E.P., Monahan, J., Robbins, P.C., Appelbaum, P.S., Grisso, T., Roth, L.H., & Silver, E. (1998). Violence by people discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient facilities and by others in the same neighborhoods. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 393–401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strous, R.D., Bark, N., Parsia, S.S., Volavka, J., & Lachman, H.M. (1997). Analysis of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in schizophrenia: Evidence for association with aggressive and antisocial behavior. Psychiatry Research, 69, 71–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, J.W. (1994). Mental disorder, substance abuse, and community violence: An epi­demiological approach. In J. Monahan & H.J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental dis­order: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 101–136). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, M.S., Swanson, J.W., Hiday, V.A., Borum, R., Wagner, H.R., & Burns, B.J. (1998). Violence and severe mental illness: The effects of substance abuse and nonadherence to medication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 226–231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tupin, J.P., Smith, D.B., Clanon, T.L., Kim, L.I., Nugent, A., & Groupe, A. (1973). The long­term use of lithium in aggressive prisoners. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 14, 311–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vartiainen, H., Tiihonen, J., Putkonen, A., Koponen, H., Virkkunen, M., Hakola, P., & Lehto, H. (1995). Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of aggres­sion in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 91, 348–351.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volavka, J. (1995). Neurobiology of violence. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volavka, J., & Citrome, L. (1999). Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of the persistently aggressive psychotic patient: Methodological concerns. Schizophrenia Research, 35, S23–S33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volavka, J., & Krakowski, M. (1989). Schizophrenia and violence. Psychological Medicine, 19, 559–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volavka, J., Mohammad, Y., Vitrai, J., Connolly, M., Stefanovic, M., & Ford, M. (1995). Characteristics of state hospital patients arrested for offenses committed during hospitali­zation. Psychiatric Services, 46, 796–800.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volavka, J., Zito, J.M., Vitrai, J., & Czobor, P. (1993). Clozapine effects on hostility and aggression in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 287–289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitman, J.R., Maier, G.J., & Eichelman, B. (1987). Beta-adrenergic blockers for aggressive behavior in schizophrenia [letter]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 538–539.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, J. (1994). Divalproex sodium in the treatment of aggressive behavior. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 6, 17–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, W.H. (1992). Clinical review of clozapine treatment in a state hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 700–703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, W.H. (1993). Addition of lithium to haloperidol in non-affective, antipsychotic non­responsive schizophrenia: A double blind, placebo controlled, parallel design clinical trial. Psychopharmacology, 111, 359–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, W.H., & Claussen, A.M. (1995). 18-month outcome of clozapine treatment for 100 patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric Services, 46, 386–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wroblewski, B.A., Joseph, A.B., Kupfer, J., & Kalliel, K. (1997). Effectiveness of valproic acid on destructive and aggressive behaviours in patients with acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 11, 37–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yassa, R., & Dupont, D. (1983). Carbamazepine in the treatment of aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients: A case report. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 566–568.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Volavka, J., Citrome, L. (2000). Pharmacological Interventions for Preventing Violence Among the Mentally Ill with Co-Occurring Personality Disorders. In: Hodgins, S. (eds) Violence among the Mentally III. NATO Science Series, vol 90. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4130-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4130-7_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6438-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4130-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics