Abstract
Through much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Britain, philosophy of religion had focused on the traditional arguments for the existence of God. Developments in the empirical sciences and in the empirical type of philosophy which dominated British thought during this period, however, challenged the validity of the arguments and helped open the way to religious scepticism. Thomas Reid (1710–1796) and William Hamilton (1788–1856) sought to overcome this scepticism, but the appeal to common sense belief on the one hand and to an unknowable absolute on the other hand provided little comfort for many nineteenth century British philosophers who wanted to avoid both religious scepticism and the appeal to religious authority. Their dissatisfaction with the available alternatives helped prepare the way for a resurrection of German Idealism in British philosophy some twenty years after its death in Germany. In the 1840s and 1850s many British students were reading the literary works of Carlyle, Coleridge and Emerson, and there had been early skirmishes with idealism in the work of the Scottish philosopher, J.F. Ferrier (1808–1864). Ferrier, however, often despaired in his efforts to unearth the secret of Hegel and was not himself able to establish a school of idealism.
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Notes
Edward Caird. Hegel (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1883)p. vi. For more extended discussion of the Glasgow Hegelians see my ‘The Hegelians Lectures and the Galsgow Hegelians’. The Review of Methaphysics December 1989, pp. 357-384.
Edward Caird, The Evolution of Theology in the Greek Philosophers (Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons, 1904), Vol. I, p. 2.
Ibid., p. 33.
John Caird, The Fundamental Ideas of Christianity (Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons, 1890), Vol. I, p. 21.
Ibid., p. 124.
H.J.W. Hetherington, The Life and Letters of Sir Henry Jones (London: Hodder and Stroughton, 1924), p. 20.
Sir Henry Jones, A Faith That Inquires (New York: Macmillan, 1922), p. 180.
Ibid., p. 274.
Ibid., p. 232.
F.H. Bradley, Essays on Truth and Reality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914), p. 15.
F.H. Bradley, Appearance and Reality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930), p. 119.
Ibid., p. 123.
Ibid., p. 141.
Ibid., p. 128.
Ibid., pp. 472–473.
Ibid., pp. 396–397.
Ibid., pp. 322–323.
Ibid., p. 389, n. 1.
Ibid., p. 398.
Ibid., p. 401.
Bradley, Essays, p. 446.
Bernard Bosanquet, The Principle of Individuality and Value (London: Macmillan, 1912), p. vi.
Ibid., p. 68.
Bernard Bosanquet, The Value and Destiny of the Individual (London: Macmillan, 1913), p. 4.
Ibid., p. 129.
Ibid., pp. 225–226.
Ibid., p. 227.
Ibid., p. 230.
Ibid., p. 289.
Charles A. Campbell, Scepticism and Construction (New York: Macmillan, 1931), p. 310
Charles A. Campbell, On Selfhood and Godhood (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1957), p. 326.
Josiah Royce, The Religious Aspect of Philosophy (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1913), p. 433.
Ibid., p. 434.
Ibid., p. 434.
Josiah Royce, The World and the Individual, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1901), Vol. I, pp. 22–23.
Ibid., Vol. I, p. 40.
Ibid., Vol. I, p. 42.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 419.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 440
John Roth, ed. The Philosophy of Josiah Royce (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1971), p. 279.
Ibid., p. 295.
Josiah Royce, The Problem of Christianity (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968), p. 41.
Ibid., p. 98.
Ibid., p. 274.
Ibid., p. 319.
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Long, E.T. (2000). Absolute Idealism. In: Twentieth-Century Western Philosophy of Religion 1900–2000. Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4064-5_3
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