Abstract
Biodiversity encompasses ‘genetic diversity’, the diversity of genomes within and between populations of organisms,’ species diversity’, the number of species in a site or habitat (commonly used as a synonym of’ species richness) and ‘ecosystem diversity’, the quantitative assessment of diversity at the ecosystem, habitat or community level, taking into account species richness, abundance, size classes, trophic, functional and taxonomic groups (Norse et al., 1986; World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 1992; Harper & Hawksworth, 1994).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amann, R.I., Ludwig, W. & Schleifer, K.H. (1995). Phylogenetic identification and in-situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiological Reviews 59, 143–169.
Beach, J.H. (1998). Employing metadata for biological collections. NFA1S Newsletter 40, 117–120.
Bull, A.T., Goodfellow, M. & Slater, J.H. (1992). Biodiversity as a source of innovation in biotechnology. Annual Review of Microbiology 46, 219–252.
Brussaard, L., Behan-Pelletier, V.M., Bignell, D.E. et al. (1997). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil. Ambio 26, 563–570.
Canhos, V.P. (1996). Networking the knowledge base on microbial diversity: a role for culture collections. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 71–73. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Canhos, V.P., Manfio, G.P. & Brefe, C.A.F. (1997). Data bases on microbial diversity: needs and prospects. In Progress in Microbial Ecology, pp. 29-35. Edited by M.T. Martins, M.I.Z. Sato, J.M. Tiedje. São Paulo: Brazilian Society for Microbiology and International Committee on Microbial Ecology.
Colwell, R.R. (1997). Microbial diversity: the importance of exploration and conservation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 18, 302–307.
Cypess, R.H. (1996). ATCC., a diverse culture collection. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 186–192. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Ehrlich, P.R. & Ehrlich, A.H. (1981). Extinction: the Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species New York: Random House.
Freckman, D.W., Blackburn, T.H., Brussaard, L. et al. (1997). Linking biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of soils and sediments. Ambio 26, 556–562.
Garrity, G.M., Tiedje, J. & Searles, D. (1998). Report on a workshop on the phylogeny of prokaryotes based upon sequence similarity of the small ribosomal subunit (Unpublished report: personal communication).
Glowka, L. (1996). The Convention on Biological Diversity: issues of interest to the microbial scientist and microbial culture collections. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 36–60. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Glowka, L., Burhenne-Guilmin, F, Synge, H. et al. (1994). A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity (IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper 30), IUCN, Gland.
Harper, J.L. & Hawksworth, D.L. (1994). Biodiversity: measurement and estimation. Preface. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 345, 5–12.
Harvey, C.A. & Pimentel, D. (1996). Effects of soil and wood depletion on biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 5, 1121–1130.
Hawksworth, D.L. (ed.) (1991a). The Biodiversity of Microorganisms and Invertebrates: Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture. Wallingford, UK: C.A.B. International.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1991b).The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conservation. Mycological Research 95, 641–655.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1996). Microbial collections as a tool in biodiversity and biosystematic research. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 26–35. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Hawksworth, D.L. & Colwell, R.R. (1992). Biodiversity amongst microorganisms and its relevance. Biology International 24, 11–15.
Hawksworth, D.L., Sastramihardja, I., Kokke, R. et al. (1990). Guidelines for the Establishment of Collections of Cultures of Microrganisms. Surrey, UK: WFCC.
Hugenholtz, P., Goebel, B.M. & Pace, N.R. (1998a). Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity. Journal of Bacteriology 180, 4765–4774.
Hugenholtz, P., Pitulle, K. L. & Pace, N. R. (1998b). Novel division level bacterial diversity in a Yellowstone hot spring. Journal of Bacteriology 180, 366–376.
Hunter-Cevera, J.C. (1996). The importance of culture collections in industrial microbiology and biotechnology. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 158–162. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Hunter-Cevera, J.C. (1998). The value of microbial diversity. Current Opinion in Microbiology 1, 278–285.
Ilardi, A. (1996). The system of deposit of microorganisms under the Budapest Treaty. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 234–248. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Jaenike, J. (1991). Mass extinction of European fungi. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6, 174–175.
Kirsop, B. (1996a). Biosafety regulations and standards affecting culture collections.In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 229–234. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Kirsop, B. (1996b). Access to Ex-Situ Microbial Genetic Resources within the Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Campinas, Brazil: WFCC.
Kirsop, B. & Canhos, V.P. (1998). The Economic Value of Microbial Genetic Resources. Campinas, Brazil: WFCC.
Kirsop, B. & Hawksworth, D.L. (1994). The Biodiversity of Microorganisms and the Role of Microbial Resource Centers. London: WFCC.
Lovejoy, T.E. (1994). The quantification of biodiversity: an esoteric quest or a vital component of sustainable development? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 345, 89–99.
Lovelock, J.M. (1988). The Ages of Gaia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marggraf, R. & Birner, R. (1998). The conservation of biological diversity from an economic point of view. Theory in Biosciences 117, 289–306.
McNeely, G.A., Miller, K.R., Reid, W.V. et al. (1990). Conserving the World’s Biological Diversity. Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Myers, N. (1979). The Sinking Ark: A New Look at the Problem of Disappearing Species. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
National Science Foundation USA (1991). Loss of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International Solutions. Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation.
Nisbet, L.J. & Fox, F.M. (1991). The importance of microbial biodiversity to biotechnology. In The Biodiversity of Microorganisms and Invertebrates: Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture, pp. 229–244. Edited by D.L. Hawksworth. Wallingford, UK: C.A.B. International.
Norse, E.A. Rosenbaum, K.L.; Wilcove, D.S. et al. (1986). Conserving Biological Diversity in our National Forests. Washington, D.C.: The Wilderness Society.
O’Donnell, A.G. Goodfellow, M. & Hawksworth, D.L. (1994). Theoretical and practical aspects of the quantification of biodiversity among microorganisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 345, 65–73.
Office of Science & Technology (1996). A New Strategy for the UK Microbial Culture Collections: Government Response to the Independent Review of UK Microbial Culture Collections. London: Office of Science and Technology. URL htp://www.dti.gov.uk/ost/ukmcc/ukmcc.htm.
Overbeek, R. (1996). Possible outcomes of metabolic reconstruction: the characterization of microbial diversity via sequence data; comments in response to a request by Niels Larsen. URL http://www.cme.msu.edu/WIT/Doc/outcomes.html
Pace, N.R. (1997). A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science 276, 734–740.
Pace, N.R., Stahl, D.A., Lane, D.J. et al. (1985). Analyzing natural microbial populations by rRNA sequences. ASM News 51, 4–12.
Palleroni, N.J. (1996). Microbial diversity and the importance of culturing.In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 111–114. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Rifai, M.A. (1989). Astounding fungal phenomena as manifestations between tropical plants and microorganisms. In Interactions Between Plants and Microorganisms, pp. 1–8. Edited by G. Lim and K. Katsya, Singapore: National University of Singapore.
Schlegel, H.G. & Jannasch, H.W. (1992). Prokaryotes and their habitats. In The Prokaryotes. Vol. I, pp. 75–125. Edited by A. Balows, H.G. Triiper, M. Dworkin et al. New York: Springer Verlag.
Sly, L.I. (1996). WFCC: aims and achievements revisited. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 3–16. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Sly, L.I., Iijima, T. & Kirsop, B. (1990). 100 Years of Culture Collections. In Proceedings of the Král Symposium to Commemorate the Centenary of the First Recorded Service Culture Collection. Edited by WFCC. Osaka: Institute for Fermentation.
Smith, D. (1996). Postal, Quarentine and Safety Regulations: Status and Concerns. London: WFCC.
Stackebrandt, E. (1996). Are culture collections prepared to meet the microbe-specific demands of the articles of the Convention on Biological Diversity? In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 74–78. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Stackebrandt, E. (1997). The Biodiversity Convention and its consequence for the inventory of prokaryotes. In Progress in Microbial Ecology, pp. 3–9. Edited by M.T. Martins, M.I.Z. Sato, J.M. Tiedje et al. São Paulo: Brazilian Society for Microbiology and International Committee on Microbial Ecology.
Staley, J.T., Castenholz, R.W., Colwell, R.R. et al. (1997). The microbial world: foundation of the biosphere. In American Academy of Microbiology Critical Issues Colloquia. Edited by American Society for Microbiology. URL: http://www.asmusa.org/acasrc/pdfs/microb.pdf.
Stolz, J.F. Botkin, D.B. & Dastoor, M.N. (1989). The integral biosphere. In Global Ecology, pp. 31–49. Edited by M.B. Rambler, L. Margulis and R. Fester. San Diego: Academic Press.
Stork, N.E. (1988). Insect diversity: facts, fiction and speculation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 35, 321–337.
Tiedje, J., Urbance, J., Larsen, N. et al. (1996). Towards an integrated microbial database. In Culture Collections to Improve the Quality of Life, pp. 63–68. Edited by R.A. Samson, J.A. Stalpers, D. van der Mei et al. Baarn, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Triiper, H.G. (1992). Prokaryotes: an overview with respect to biodiversity and environmental importance. Biodiversity and Conservation 1, 227–236.
Wilson, E.O. (1988). The current state of biological diversity. In Biodiversity, pp. 3–18. Edited by E.O. Wilson and F.M. Peter. Washington, D.C.: National Academic Press.
Wilson, E.O. (1992). The Diversity of Life. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books.
Wilson, E.O. and Peter, F.M. (eds..) (1988). Biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: National Academic Press.
Woese, C.R. (1987). Bacterial evolution. Microbiological Reviews 51, 221–271.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (ed.) (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. London: Chapman & Hall.
Zedan, H. (1993). The economic value of microbial diversity. Society for Industrial Microbiology Newsletter 43, 178–185.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Canhos, V.P., Manfio, G.P. (2000). Microbial Resource Centres and Ex-Situ Conservation. In: Priest, F.G., Goodfellow, M. (eds) Applied Microbial Systematics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4020-1_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4020-1_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6518-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4020-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive